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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory test results, and procedures

A

Diagnosis

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2
Q

Pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system

A

Pulmonary

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3
Q

Molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body’s tissues; also called breathing, pulmonary ventilation, or ventilation

A

Respiration

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4
Q

Pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage (bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae)

A

Thoracic

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5
Q

Pertaining to a blood vessel

A

Vascular

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6
Q

Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, and breathing muscles

A

Respiratory system

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7
Q

O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the cellular level. O2 leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissue cells where it is used for energy. In exhange, CO2 enters the bloodstream from the tissues and is transported back to the lungs for removal.

A

Internal respiration

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8
Q

O2 is inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream. CO2 leaves the bloodstream and enters the lungs where it is expelled during exhalation.

A

External respiration

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9
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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10
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx

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11
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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12
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

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13
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

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14
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

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15
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea (windpipe)

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16
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus; air sac

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17
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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18
Q

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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19
Q

Bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole

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20
Q

Phren/o

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

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22
Q

Pneum/o

A

air; lung

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23
Q

Pneumon/o

A

air; lung

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24
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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25
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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26
Q

aer/o

A

air

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27
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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28
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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29
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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30
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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31
Q

py/o

A

pus

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32
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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33
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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34
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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35
Q

a-

A

without

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36
Q

brady-

A

slow

37
Q

dys-

A

bad; painful; difficult

38
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

39
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

40
Q

Abnormal sounds heard during inhalation or expiration, with or without a stethoscope

A

Abnormal breath sounds

41
Q

Fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; also called rales

A

Crackles

42
Q

Dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)

A

Friction rub

43
Q

Loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstruction airways

A

Rhonchi

44
Q

High-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx

A

Stridor

45
Q

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway

A

Wheezes

46
Q

Excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body

A

Acidosis

47
Q

Life threatening build-up of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli), caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

48
Q

Absence or decrease in the sense of smell

A

anosmia

49
Q

Total absence of O2 in body tissues; caused by a lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs

A

anoxia

50
Q

Condition of insufficient intake of oxygen as a result of choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke, or trauma

A

asphyxia

51
Q

Inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing (with or without sputum)

A

asthma

52
Q

Collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by various conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lungs from a tumor

A

atelectasis

53
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both

A

Bronchitis

54
Q

Acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

A

coryza

55
Q

Acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

A

croup

56
Q

Genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death

A

cystic fibrosis

57
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation

A

emphysema

58
Q

Hemorrhage from the nose; also called a nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

59
Q

Greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

hypercapnia

60
Q

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

A

hypoxemia

61
Q

Deficiency of oxygen in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

A

hypoxia

62
Q

Acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by suddden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

A

influenza

63
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes

A

otisis media

64
Q

OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum

A

exudative

65
Q

Acute infection with disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough; also called whooping cough

A

pertussis

66
Q

Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing

A

Pleurisy

67
Q

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung

A

Pneumothorax

68
Q

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant; also called crib death

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

69
Q

Group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample

A

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

70
Q

Intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to turberculosis (TB)

A

Mantoux test

71
Q

Sleep study test monitored by a technician while the patient sleeps; used to evaluate physical factors affecting sleep, such as heart rate and activity, breathing, eye and muscle movements, snoring, kicking during sleep, and sleep cycles and stages

A

polysomnography (PSG)

72
Q

Various tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently

A

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

73
Q

Common lung function test that measures and records the volume and rate of inhaled and exhaled air; used to assess pulmonary function by means of a spirometer and to assess obstructive lung diseases, especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Spirometry

74
Q

Basic emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

75
Q

Procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi in patients who are unable to breathe on their own; also used to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia

A

Endotracheal intubation

76
Q

Use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities

A

Postural drainage

77
Q

Use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

A

Thoracocentesis

78
Q

Incision into the trachea (tracheotomy) and creation of a permanent opening through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted to keep the opening patent (accessible or wide open)

A

Tracheostomy

79
Q

Dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms i bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhalation via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

bronchodilators

80
Q

Suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi

A

Corticosteroids

81
Q

Improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract

A

expectorants

82
Q

Device that enables the patient to self-administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation

A

metered-dose

83
Q

Method of administering medication directly into the lungs using a device (nebulizer) that produces a fine spray; also called aerosol therapy

A

nebulized mist treatment (NMT)

84
Q

Temporary cessation of breathing

A

Apnea

85
Q

Refers to a sudden cessation of breathing during sleep that can result in hypoxia and lead to cognitive impairment

A

Sleep apnea

86
Q

A gentle ventilator support used to keep the airways open

A

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

87
Q

Involves a physical obstruction in the upper airways

A

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

88
Q

Refers to a group of respiratory disorders characterized by chronic, partial obstruction of the bronchi and lungs that make it difficult to breathe

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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