Respiratory System Flashcards
Identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory test results, and procedures
Diagnosis
Pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system
Pulmonary
Molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body’s tissues; also called breathing, pulmonary ventilation, or ventilation
Respiration
Pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage (bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae)
Thoracic
Pertaining to a blood vessel
Vascular
Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, and breathing muscles
Respiratory system
O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the cellular level. O2 leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissue cells where it is used for energy. In exhange, CO2 enters the bloodstream from the tissues and is transported back to the lungs for removal.
Internal respiration
O2 is inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream. CO2 leaves the bloodstream and enters the lungs where it is expelled during exhalation.
External respiration
Adenoid/o
Adenoids
Laryng/o
Larynx
Nas/o
Nose
Rhin/o
Nose
Pharyng/o
Pharynx (throat)
Tonsill/o
Tonsils
Trache/o
Trachea (windpipe)
Alveol/o
Alveolus; air sac
Bronch/o
Bronchus (plural, bronchi)
Bronchi/o
Bronchus (plural, bronchi)
Bronchiol/o
Bronchiole
Phren/o
Diaphragm
Pleur/o
Pleura
Pneum/o
air; lung
Pneumon/o
air; lung
pulmon/o
lung
thorac/o
chest
aer/o
air
cyan/o
blue
muc/o
mucus
myc/o
fungus
orth/o
straight
py/o
pus
-oma
tumor
-plasty
surgical repair
-plegia
paralysis
a-
without
brady-
slow
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
eu-
good, normal
tachy-
rapid
Abnormal sounds heard during inhalation or expiration, with or without a stethoscope
Abnormal breath sounds
Fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; also called rales
Crackles
Dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)
Friction rub
Loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstruction airways
Rhonchi
High-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
Stridor
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway
Wheezes
Excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body
Acidosis
Life threatening build-up of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli), caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Absence or decrease in the sense of smell
anosmia
Total absence of O2 in body tissues; caused by a lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs
anoxia
Condition of insufficient intake of oxygen as a result of choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke, or trauma
asphyxia
Inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing (with or without sputum)
asthma
Collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by various conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lungs from a tumor
atelectasis
Acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both
Bronchitis
Acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold
coryza
Acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
croup
Genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death
cystic fibrosis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation
emphysema
Hemorrhage from the nose; also called a nosebleed
Epistaxis
Greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
Deficiency of oxygen in the blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxemia
Deficiency of oxygen in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxia
Acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by suddden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
influenza
Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes
otisis media
OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum
exudative
Acute infection with disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough; also called whooping cough
pertussis
Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing
Pleurisy
Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung
Pneumothorax
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant; also called crib death
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
Intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to turberculosis (TB)
Mantoux test
Sleep study test monitored by a technician while the patient sleeps; used to evaluate physical factors affecting sleep, such as heart rate and activity, breathing, eye and muscle movements, snoring, kicking during sleep, and sleep cycles and stages
polysomnography (PSG)
Various tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Common lung function test that measures and records the volume and rate of inhaled and exhaled air; used to assess pulmonary function by means of a spirometer and to assess obstructive lung diseases, especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Spirometry
Basic emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi in patients who are unable to breathe on their own; also used to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia
Endotracheal intubation
Use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
Postural drainage
Use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space
Thoracocentesis
Incision into the trachea (tracheotomy) and creation of a permanent opening through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted to keep the opening patent (accessible or wide open)
Tracheostomy
Dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms i bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhalation via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
bronchodilators
Suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi
Corticosteroids
Improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract
expectorants
Device that enables the patient to self-administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation
metered-dose
Method of administering medication directly into the lungs using a device (nebulizer) that produces a fine spray; also called aerosol therapy
nebulized mist treatment (NMT)
Temporary cessation of breathing
Apnea
Refers to a sudden cessation of breathing during sleep that can result in hypoxia and lead to cognitive impairment
Sleep apnea
A gentle ventilator support used to keep the airways open
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Involves a physical obstruction in the upper airways
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Refers to a group of respiratory disorders characterized by chronic, partial obstruction of the bronchi and lungs that make it difficult to breathe
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
