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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

A

angioplasty

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2
Q

Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

Microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

A

capillaries

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4
Q

Pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes

A

congenital

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5
Q

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

A

metabolism

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6
Q

Vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

A

veins

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7
Q

Composed of the heart, which is essentially a muscular pump, and an extensive network of blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular (CV) system

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8
Q

A contraction of the heart is known as….

A

Systole

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9
Q

The resting period between contractions when the heart fills with blood is known as…

A

Diastole

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10
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widening, widened blood vessel

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11
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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12
Q

arter/o

A

artery

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13
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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14
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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15
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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16
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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17
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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18
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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19
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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20
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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21
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens; duct

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22
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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23
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of heart or brain)

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24
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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25
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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26
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

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27
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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28
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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29
Q

brady-

A

slow

30
Q

endo-

A

in, within

31
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

32
Q

peri-

A

around

33
Q

Abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth (congenital)-the larger it becomes, the greater the risk of rupture

A

aneurysm

34
Q

Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina

A

angina pectoris

35
Q

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

A

arrhythmia

36
Q

Arrhythmia in which there is a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation

A

fibrillation

37
Q

Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

38
Q

Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage

A

atherosclerosis

39
Q

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

A

Bruit

40
Q

Mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

A

Embolus

41
Q

Disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

A

heart block

42
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

A

First-degree

43
Q

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

A

Second-degree

44
Q

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)

A

Third-degree

45
Q

Occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance

A

Heart Failure (HF)

46
Q

Consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart

A

Hypertension (HTN)

47
Q

Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow

A

Ischemia

48
Q

Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

49
Q

Abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

A

Murmur

50
Q

Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack

A

Myocardial infarction (MI)

51
Q

Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

52
Q

Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress

A

Raynaud disease

53
Q

Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

A

rheumatic heart disease

54
Q

Damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

stroke

55
Q

A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot

A

thrombus

56
Q

Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the lower legs

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

57
Q

Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

58
Q

Insertion of a small tube (catheter) through a large vein or artery, usually of an arm (branchial approach) or leg (femoral approach), which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart; used to inject a contrast medium for imaging, diagnosing abnormalities, obtaining blood samples, or measuring pressure within the heart, and often includes interventional procedures such as angioplasty and atherectomy

A

Cardiac catheterization

59
Q

Battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

A

Cardiac Enzyme Studies

60
Q

Ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries or veins in arms, neck, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke

A

Doppler ultrasonography

61
Q

Ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

A

echocardiography (ECHO)

62
Q

Creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography

A

electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

63
Q

Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities

A

Holter monitor

64
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption

A

Stress test

65
Q

ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

A

nuclear

66
Q

Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscles (not skeletal muscle) and is highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)

A

troponin I

67
Q

Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

A

angioplasty

68
Q

Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest using a device (defibrillator); also called defibrillation

A

cardioversion

69
Q

Bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

A

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

70
Q

Device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm

A

defibrillator

71
Q

Surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

A

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

72
Q

Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

A

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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