Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
angioplasty
Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
arteries
Microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
capillaries
Pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
congenital
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
metabolism
Vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
veins
Composed of the heart, which is essentially a muscular pump, and an extensive network of blood vessels
Cardiovascular (CV) system
A contraction of the heart is known as….
Systole
The resting period between contractions when the heart fills with blood is known as…
Diastole
aneurysm/o
widening, widened blood vessel
aort/o
aorta
arter/o
artery
ather/o
fatty plaque
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
phleb/o
vein
ven/o
vein
thromb/o
blood clot
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
vascul/o
vessel
ventricul/o
ventricle (of heart or brain)
-cardia
heart condition
-gram
record, writing
-graph
instrument for recording
-graphy
process of recording
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
brady-
slow
endo-
in, within
epi-
above, upon
peri-
around
Abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth (congenital)-the larger it becomes, the greater the risk of rupture
aneurysm
Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
angina pectoris
Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia
arrhythmia
Arrhythmia in which there is a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
fibrillation
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage
atherosclerosis
Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
Bruit
Mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
Embolus
Disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle
heart block
Atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
First-degree
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
Second-degree
AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)
Third-degree
Occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance
Heart Failure (HF)
Consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart
Hypertension (HTN)
Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow
Ischemia
Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart
Murmur
Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress
Raynaud disease
Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
rheumatic heart disease
Damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot
thrombus
Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the lower legs
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Insertion of a small tube (catheter) through a large vein or artery, usually of an arm (branchial approach) or leg (femoral approach), which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart; used to inject a contrast medium for imaging, diagnosing abnormalities, obtaining blood samples, or measuring pressure within the heart, and often includes interventional procedures such as angioplasty and atherectomy
Cardiac catheterization
Battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
Cardiac Enzyme Studies
Ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries or veins in arms, neck, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke
Doppler ultrasonography
Ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
echocardiography (ECHO)
Creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography
electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities
Holter monitor
Electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
Stress test
ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
nuclear
Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscles (not skeletal muscle) and is highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)
troponin I
Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
angioplasty
Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest using a device (defibrillator); also called defibrillation
cardioversion
Bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm
defibrillator
Surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)
Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
