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Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

A

arthritis

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2
Q

Surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

A

arthroplasty

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3
Q

Site of contact between two bones; also called a joint

A

articulate

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4
Q

Shortening or tightening of a muscle

A

contraction

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5
Q

Pertaining to muscles and the skeleton

A

musculoskeletal

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6
Q

Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

A

radiography

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7
Q

Lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

A

synovial fluid

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8
Q

Associated with the medical specialties of orthopedics and chiropractic medicine

A

musculoskeletal system

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9
Q

The branch of medicine concerned with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disroders

A

Orthopedics

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10
Q

Employ medical, physical, and surgical methods, such as hip arthroplasty, to restore function that is lost as a result of injury or disease to the musculoskeletal system

A

Orthopedists

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11
Q

Specializes in treatment of arthritis and other diseases of joints, muscles, and bones

A

Rheumatologist

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12
Q

Non physicians who treat musculoskeletal disorders without drugs or surgery

A

Chiropractor

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13
Q

A system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves

A

Chiropractic medicine

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14
Q

Includes muscles, bones, joints, and related structures, such as the tendons and connective tissue

A

Musculoskeletal system

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15
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separated muscles)

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16
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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17
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

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18
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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19
Q

muscul/o; my/o

A

muscle

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20
Q

ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o

A

tendon

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21
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bones)

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22
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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23
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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24
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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25
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bones)

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26
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

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27
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

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28
Q

spondyl/o; vertebr/o

A

vertebra (backbone)

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29
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

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30
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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31
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

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32
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

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33
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

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34
Q

pelv/i; pelv/o

A

pelvis

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35
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)

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36
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

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37
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

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38
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

39
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

40
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

41
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

42
Q

orth/o

A

straight

43
Q

oste/o

A

bone

44
Q

-clasia

A

to break; surgical fracture

45
Q

-clast

A

to break

46
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

47
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

48
Q

dia-

A

through, across

49
Q

peri-

A

around

50
Q

Group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)

A

Muscular dystrophy

51
Q

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids

A

Myastenia gravis (MG)

52
Q

Injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injury

A

Rotator cuff injury

53
Q

Trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward

A

sprain

54
Q

Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

A

strain

55
Q

Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse

A

tendinitis

56
Q

Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck

A

torticollis

57
Q

Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and commonly, changes in structure

A

arthritis

58
Q

Arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; also called gout

A

gouty

59
Q

Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage =

A

osteoarthritis

60
Q

Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting crippling deformities and immobility

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

61
Q

Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

A

bunion

62
Q

Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

A

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

63
Q

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

A

contracture

64
Q

Grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

A

crepitation

65
Q

Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in ling bones or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

A

Ewing sarcoma

66
Q

Any break in a bone

A

fracture

67
Q

Noncancerous, jelly-like fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrist or hands, but may also appear in the feet

A

ganglion cyst

68
Q

Herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk

A

herniated disk

69
Q

Infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

70
Q

Decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

A

osteoporosis

71
Q

Abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs; also called osteitis deformans

A

Paget disease

72
Q

Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis

A

Rickets

73
Q

Fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

A

sequestrum

74
Q

Congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; also called clubfoot

A

talipes equinovarus

75
Q

Abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

A

spinal curvatures

76
Q

Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback

A

kyphosis

77
Q

Forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, heading to a swayback posture

A

lordosis

78
Q

Abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually cause bak pain, disk disease, or arthritis

A

scoliosis

79
Q

Inflammation of one or more vertebrae

A

spondylitis

80
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis

A

ankylosing spondylitis

81
Q

Partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression

A

spondylolisthesis

82
Q

Partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; also called partial dislocation

A

subluxation

83
Q

Puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

A

arthrocentesis

84
Q

Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures

A

arthroscopy

85
Q

Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

A

arthroplasty

86
Q

Replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; also called total hip replacement (THR)

A

total hip arthroplasty

87
Q

Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

A

sequestroectomy

88
Q

Reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease

A

bone reabsorption inhibitors

89
Q

Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression

A

gold salts

90
Q

Relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness

A

muscle relaxants

91
Q

Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and tendinitis

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

92
Q

A fracture that is caused by a disease process, such as osteoporosis or bone cancer

A

pathological fracture

93
Q

An autoimmune disease in which a reaction against one’s own joint tissues, especially synovial fluid, occurs

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

94
Q

Substance detected in blood test of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

rheumatoid factor

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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