Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

A

biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pertains to the use of an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic tube with a light source and magnifying lens) to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; used for various medical purposes

A

endoscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The branch of medicine concerned with disorders of the digestive system and its accessory organs

A

Gastroenterology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Usually an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, which usually includes its accessory organs, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

A

Gastroenterologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Consists of the digestive tract, also called the alimentary canal or GI tract, and the accessory organs of digestion

A

Digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Made up of several distinct regions: mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

A

Digestive tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

A

Upper GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consists of the large intestines, rectum, and anus

A

Lower GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Elimination of the indigestible remains after the absorption process

A

Defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dent/o; odont/o

A

teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gloss/o; lingu/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

or/o; stomat/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ptyal/o

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach that opens into duodenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of the small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

an/o

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

append/o; appendic/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

col/o; colon/o

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

-algia; -dynia

A

pain

37
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

38
Q

-lasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

39
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

40
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

41
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

42
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

43
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

44
Q

-prandial

A

meal

45
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

46
Q

endo-

A

in, within

47
Q

hemat-

A

blood

48
Q

hypo-

A

under, below, deficient

49
Q

Inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy

A

appendicitis

50
Q

Pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure

A

ascites

51
Q

Gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines

A

borborygmus

52
Q

Chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

A

cirrhosis

53
Q

Formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis)

A

Diverticular disease

54
Q

Inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps

A

dysentery

55
Q

Abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina (retrovaginal fistula), or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation

A

fistula

56
Q

Backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

57
Q

Passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer

A

hematochezia

58
Q

Mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum; also called piles

A

hemorrhoid

59
Q

Protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

A

hernia

60
Q

Hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, leading to necrosis with gangrene of the hernial sac and its contents; a condition that is life threatening and requires immediate surgery

A

strangulated

61
Q

Disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines

A

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

62
Q

Chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ilium) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; also called regional colitis

A

Crohn disease

63
Q

Chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain

A

ulcerative colitis

64
Q

Common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon; also called spastic colon

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

65
Q

Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood; also called hyperbilirubinemia

A

Jaundice

66
Q

Condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25

A

obesity

67
Q

More severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight

A

morbid obesity

68
Q

Open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing or inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue

A

ulcer

69
Q

Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

A

volvulus

70
Q

Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum. Used for diagnosis of obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis

A

Barium enema (BE)

71
Q

Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium); also called upper GI series

A

barium swallow

72
Q

Radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile duct

A

cholangiography

73
Q

Visual examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) using an endoscope; also called upper GI endoscopy

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

74
Q

Test performed on feces using reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspections; also called Hemoccult test

A

stool guaiac

75
Q

Any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity

A

bariatric surgery

76
Q

Bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

A

vertical banded gastroplasty

77
Q

Bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, reducing absorption of calories and fats

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

78
Q

Excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

A

colostomy

79
Q

Eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it

A

lithotripsy

80
Q

Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

81
Q

Insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostrils, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach, deliver medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

A

nasogastric intubation

82
Q

Excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface

A

polypectomy

83
Q

Neutralize acids in the stomach

A

antacids

84
Q

Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

A

antidiarrheals

85
Q

Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

A

antiemetics

86
Q

Relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract

A

laxatives

87
Q

A common condition in which there is an abnormal presence of gallstones (choleliths) or calculi (cholelithiasis) that form in the bile

A

Cholelithiasis

88
Q

When calculi, also called stones, are present in the common bile duct

A

choledocholithiasis

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions