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M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards > Urinary sys2 > Flashcards

Urinary sys2 Flashcards

1
Q

What carries the urine outside of the body?

A

Urethera

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2
Q

What’s the location of kidney?

A

Retro-peritoneal position in the superior lumbar region

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3
Q

Name three hormones produced by the kidney?

A

Erythropoietin, Calcitriol, and Renin

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4
Q

What are the three layers of kidney connective tissue?

A

Renal fascia (outer layer), Adipose capsule (middle), and Renal capsule (inner most)

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5
Q

What is the innermost region of kidney?

A

Renal pelvis

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6
Q

Where are renal pyramids located?

A

Renal medulla

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7
Q

What are calyces and urine flow?

A

Papillae-minor calyces-major calyces-pelvis-ureter

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8
Q

What are the two types of nephron?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

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9
Q

What are nephrons made of?

A

Renal or Malpighian corpuscles

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10
Q

What are the two important components of Malpighian corpuscles?

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

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11
Q

What is the collecting capillary attached to the convoluted tubules of nephron?

A

Vasa recta

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12
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Cells present in the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule

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13
Q

What regions of renal tubule contain simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Proximal, ascending henle and distal tubule

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14
Q

What parts of the renal tubule contain brush borders or villi?

A

proximal, descending and ascending henle

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15
Q

What part of the renal tubule is bordered by simple squamous epithelium?

A

Descending loop of henle

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16
Q

Which part of kidney nephron dips into its medullary region?

A

Loop of henle (ascending and descending portions)

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17
Q

What are the three essential processes taking place within the glomerulus capsule?

A

Filtration, secretion and reabsorption

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18
Q

What connects renal sinus to the perinephric space?

A

Renal hilum

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19
Q

What are the three coats of ureter?

A

Tunica adventitia, tunica muscularis, tunica mucosa

20
Q

What prevents infection due to overloading of bladder?

A

Uterus compression

21
Q

What are the three layers bladder?

A

Mucus membrane, submucosa, and muscularis

22
Q

What is the name of the muscle involved in urine excretion from the bladders?

A

Detrusor muscle

23
Q

What is trigone?

A

Openings associated with ureter (2) and urethrae (1)

24
Q

What keeps the urine within the bladder until urination?

A

Internal sphincter muscle and external sphincter muscle of urethra for voluntary expulsion

25
Q

What part of the urine system has both reproductive and excretory roles?

A

Urethra

26
Q

Creatinine phosphate is formed from?

A

Creatinine phosphate from muscle

27
Q

What are the three filtration membranes of glomerular capsule?

A

Endothelial cells, basal lamina, and podocytes

28
Q

What are the three forces which drives the filtration process within the capsules.

A

GHP, CHP, and GCOP

29
Q

What is Net filtration pressure?

A

Net pressure required to drive water across the filtration membrane to the capsular space

30
Q

What is Glomerulus filtration rate or GFR?

A

Rate of filtrate produced by the pairs of kidney in one minute.

31
Q

What are the local and non-local means of GFR control?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic methods

32
Q

What are the intrinsic mechanisms of GFR regulation

A

Myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

33
Q

What are the extrinsic controls

A

Neural and hormonal

34
Q

What are the different routes of tubular reabsorption?

A

Transcellular (Apical, lateral, ISF) and Paracellular (Tight junction and ISF)

35
Q

Where is 80% of the energy utilized in tubular reabsorption?

A

Sodium transportation

36
Q

What are the two important Na+ pumps in the kidney?

A

Primary active transporter (Basolateral membrane) and Secondary active transporter (tubular cell)

37
Q

Most of the reabsorption takes place in?

A

PCT also secretion

38
Q

Is it true that urine contains both filtered and secreted materials?

A

Yes

39
Q

What is the major component of urine?

A

Water approx. 95%

40
Q

What is the need for RAAS system?

A

Regulates the cardiac output and arterial pressure

41
Q

Renin enzyme is released from what part of the kidney?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

42
Q

What is the main role of RAAS?

A

To retain water and Na+ ions in case of dehydration

43
Q

What is micturition reflex?

A

Urination reflex of urinary bladder at 300-400ml

44
Q

What kind of disease is Polycystic kidney disease?

A

Genetic

45
Q

What is kidney stone?

A

Renal canaliculi

46
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Inflammation of the kidneys

M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards (22 decks)

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