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M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards > Basic pathology2 > Flashcards

Basic pathology2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is most commonly secreted by s. aureus?

A

Beta lactamase

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2
Q

What’s the treatment option for s.aureus?

A

Penicillin G

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3
Q

What part of the body is affected by s.aureus and how is it transmitted?

A

Nose and skin via hands

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4
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Bloody diarrhea

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5
Q

What’s abscess?

A

Enclosed pus in tissue.

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6
Q

What are some disease of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Amebic dysentery and liver abscess

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7
Q

How is Entamoeba histolytic transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission of cysts

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8
Q

What is the disease caused by Giardia Lamblia?

A

Giardiasis or diarrhea

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9
Q

What is the treatment option for Giardia lamblia?

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

How is Giardia Lamblia transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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11
Q

What disease is caused by cryptosporidium hominis?

A

Diarrhea

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12
Q

How is cryptosporidium hominis transmitted?

A

Fecal oral transmission

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13
Q

What is a treatment option for cryptosporidium hominis?

A

No treatment, symptoms can be reduced with paromomycin.

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14
Q

How us trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Sexually

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15
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis transmission treated?

A

Metronidazole for both partners

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16
Q

What is the disease caused by plasmodium species?

A

Malaria

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17
Q

How are plasmodium species transmitted?

A

Female anopheles mosquito

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18
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

A

Ingestion of raw meats, food contaminated with cat faces

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19
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii treated?

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

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20
Q

How is pneumocystis jiroveci treated?

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

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21
Q

What causes Chagas’ disease?

A

Transmitted by reduviid bugs

22
Q

What drug is used for Chagas’ diseases treatment?

A

Nifurtimox or benznidazole, not effective for chronic infections

23
Q

What causes sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis?

A

Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma Rhodesiense

24
Q

How is Trypanosoma specie transmitted?

A

Tsetse flies

25
Q

How is Trypanosoma specie treated?

A

Suramin

26
Q

What causes Kala-Azar

A

Leishmania Donovani

27
Q

How is leishmania donovani transmitted?

A

Sandflies and animal reservoirs

28
Q

How is Leishmania Donovani infection treated?

A

Sodium stibogluconate.

29
Q

What is the disease caused by Acanthamoeba Castellani?

A

Meningocephalititis + Keratitis

30
Q

How’s Acanthamoeba Castellani transmitted?

A

Trauma to skin and eye

31
Q

Naegleria Fowleri

A

Meningocephalititis

32
Q

How’s Naegleria F transmitted?

A

Swimming in contaminated lake

33
Q

How is Naegleria F treated?

A

Amphotericin B

34
Q

How is Babesia Microti transmitted?

A

Lxodes ticks

35
Q

What is the only ciliated protozoa to cause diarrhea?

A

Balantidium Coli

36
Q

How is Balantidium coli transmitted?

A

Fecal-Oral pathway

37
Q

What is caused by Cyclospora, Isospora, and Microsporidia?

A

Diarrhea

38
Q

How’s Cyclospora and isospora treated?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

39
Q

What is a spore forming protozoa and how’s it treated?

A

Microsporidia, treated with albendazole

40
Q

How is Cyclospora, Isospora, and Microsporidia transmitted?

A

Fecal-Oral transmission

41
Q

How is malaria treated?

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

42
Q

How many cycles occur for plasmodium?

A

Two cycles, one sexual and one asexual

43
Q

What is sporogony?

A

It’s the sexual cycle

44
Q

What is produced in sporogony?

A

Sporozoites

45
Q

What’s schizogony?

A

The asexual cycle

46
Q

Where do the sexual and asexual cycles take place in case of a plasmodium?

A

Sexual cycle takes place within the mosquito and the asexual phase takes place within the host

47
Q

What is a latent form of plasmodium in the human body?

A

Hypnozoite in the liver

48
Q

What is the first form of plasmodium to be introduced in the blood?

A

Sporozoites

49
Q

RBCs multiplicate into what form of plasmodium?

A

Merozoites

50
Q

What is the common type of antibiotic used for bacterial infections?

A

Penicillin G

M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards (22 decks)

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