Respiratory sys2

Question 1

Pharynx is an organ associated with both digestion and respiration?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What are the three parts of pharynx?

Answer 2

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 3

What are the functions of pharynx?

Answer 3

Hearing, taste, protection, speech, warming and humidifying, food passageway

Question 4

What is the location of the larynx?

Answer 4

Lies below laryngopharynx between 3,4,5, and 6th cervical vertebra

Question 5

What are the three main hyaline cartilages of larynx?

Answer 5

Thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilage

Question 6

What is the fourth important cartilage of larynx which closes it during swallowing?

Answer 6

Epiglottis

Question 7

What is trachea?

Answer 7

Trachea or windpipe divides into two bronchi, its shape is maintained by C cartilage.

Question 8

Into how many branches do the bronchi divide after entering their respective lobes?

Answer 8

Right divides into 3 and left into 2

Question 9

What is the division of the bronchi

Answer 9

Bronchi-bronchioles-terminal bronchioles-respiratory bronchioles-alveolar ducts-alveoli

Question 10

What does pneumonia do to the lungs?

Answer 10

Causes fluid accumulation inside the alveoli

Question 11

What is the area between the lungs?

Answer 11

Mediastinum

Question 12

How many lobes are present in the lungs?

Answer 12

Divided into right and left lobes. Right lobe has 3 while left lobe has 2 lobes

Question 13

What is the separation between lungs called?

Answer 13

Fissures

Question 14

What is the name of the cavity in which the lungs are enclosed?

Answer 14

Pleural cavity (serous membrane)

Question 15

What is the name of the right lung fissure which separates the middle and lower lobes?

Answer 15

Oblique fissure

Question 16

What is the name of the right lung fissure which separates the middle and upper lobes?

Answer 16

Horizontal fissure

Question 17

What are the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 17

Upper and lower lobe

Question 18

What separates the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 18

Oblique fissure

Question 19

Is it true that left lung has a middle lobe?

Answer 19

No, it doesn’t have a middle lobe.

Question 20

What part of the left lung has a cardiac notch?

Answer 20

The mediastinal surface of the left lung.

Question 21

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 21

Another name for breathing

Question 22

What are the two important muscles involved in breathing?

Answer 22

Intercoastal muscle and diaphragm

Question 23

What happens when the intercoastal muscles contract or or diaphragm contract?

Answer 23

The thoracic cavity and diaphragm contract simultaneously to enlarge the thoracic cavity

Question 24

What are the three phases of breath?

Answer 24

Inspiration, expiration, and pause

Question 25

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 25

Parietal pleura moves towards the thoracic cavity wall-pleural cavity pressure decreases-visceral pleura pulls lungs towards the chest wall-air flows in the lungs due to expansion

Question 26

Which cycle of breathing doesn’t require energy expenditure?

Answer 26

Exhalation

Question 27

What happens during the contraction of intercoastal muscle and diaphragm muscles?

Answer 27

Chest cavity moves upward and outward and vice versa during their relaxation phase

Question 28

What is the process of breathing in context of atmospheric pressure dynamics within the lungs?

Answer 28

During inspiration, the chest cavity expands facilitating the flux of air into the lungs making the lung pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure and vice versa during expiration.

Question 29

What is tidal volume?

Answer 29

Amount of air moving in and out of the lungs during breathing, about 500ml

Question 30

What part of the brain controls the process of respiration?

Answer 30

Medulla oblongata

Question 31

What is asthma?

Answer 31

Prolonged inflammatory disorder of the lungs. The bronchi muscle layers and mucous membrane become thickened.

Question 32

What disorder of the lungs causes shortness of breath?

Answer 32

Emphysema due to damaged alveoli

Question 33

What happens in ,,,,,

Answer 33

Type of abscess causing the lung tissue necrosis. Takes place due to microbial infection.

Question 34

What happens in lung collapse?

Answer 34

Air escapes the lungs and fills space around it causing its collapse.

Question 35

What happens in apnea?

Answer 35

No muscular movement during inhalation and hence no net volume change during breathing

Question 36

What is the nature of pressure during exhalation or inhalation?

Answer 36

Positive during exhalation and negative during inhalation. Negative in context of atmospheric pressure (during inhalation the contraction of the muscles makes decreases the lung pressure hence due to high atmospheric pressure, outside air rushes into the lungs).