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M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards > Complex lipids2 > Flashcards

Complex lipids2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the derivative of glycerophospholipids?

A

Phosphatidic acid

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2
Q

What makes a glycerol molecule chiral?

A

Attachment of phosphate at the end of the molecule

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3
Q

What is plasmalogen?

A

It’s a lipid in which glycerol molecule is attached to fatty acid via ether linkage

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4
Q

What is the bonding nature of galactolipids?

A

Two galactose molecules are linked to the C-3 of a 1,2 diacylglycerol

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5
Q

What is the largest constituent of plant lipid?

A

Galactolipids

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6
Q

This lipid lacks glycerol?

A

Sphingolipid contains sphingosine instead

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7
Q

MGDGs and DGDG are the lipids of what?

A

Thylakoid membrane

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8
Q

MGDGs and DGDGs nature is?

A

Polyunsaturated

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9
Q

How is ceramide formed?

A

Attachment of fatty acid to the NH2 on C-2 of sphingosine

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10
Q

What is the structural parent of sphingosine?

A

Ceramide

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11
Q

Is palmitic acid saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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12
Q

Is linoleic acid saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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13
Q

What type of biomolecule is Cardiolipin?

A

Glycerophospholipid

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14
Q

What is the nature of glycerolphospholipids?

A

Two fatty acids attached to the c1 and c2 of the glycerol molecule whereas the c3 contains a highly polar molecule connected via phosphodiester linkage.

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15
Q

What is the head group of plasmalogen?

A

Ethanolamine (Ether linked to alkenyl group)

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16
Q

What is the head group of platelet activating factor?

A

Choline (ester linked alkyl group), water soluble

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17
Q

What are the three classes of sphingolipids?

A

Sphingomyelins, neutral glycolipids

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18
Q

What is the nature of charge on the head group of sphingomeylins?

A

The net charge on it is 0

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19
Q

What is the nature of the head group of glycosphingolipids?

A

One sugar is attached to the -OH of the C-1 of the ceramide

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20
Q

Does a glycosphingolipid contains a phosphate group?

A

No they don’t!

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21
Q

What is the nature of cerebrosides?

A

Single sugar attached to ceramide

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22
Q

True or False? Sugar moiety of the cerebrosides decide where they will be located?

A

Yes!

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23
Q

What are Globosides?

A

Glycosphingolipids with multiple sugars

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24
Q

What is the nature of charge of the head groups of cerebrosides and globosides?

A

Neutral charge

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25
Q

What glycosphingolipid contains oligosaccharide in its head group and is the most complex lipid of sphingolipid group?

A

Gangliosides

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26
Q

What is the nature of gangliosides?

A

Linked molecules are Oligosaccharides as their polar head group and sialic acids at the terminal.

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27
Q

What is the name of the sialic acid present in gangliosides?

A

alpha N acetylneuraminic acid

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28
Q

What is the nature of sphingolipids?

A

4 sphingenine (amino alcohol sphingosine) + long FA + attachment via a polar head group which can be a phosphodiester or glyosidic bond.

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29
Q

What is the head group of sphingomyelin?

A

Phosphocholine

30
Q

What is the head group of Neutral glycolipid?

A

Glucose

31
Q

What is the head group of lactosylceramide?

A

2,3 or 4 saccharide

32
Q

What is the nature of lactosylceramide?

A

It’s a Globoside

33
Q

What is the degradation process of lipids

A

Done in lysosome. Glycerophospholipid -> Via hydrolytic enzyme. Converted to lysophospholipid and then degraded into FAs, Plasmalogen are not dealt by esterase, gangliosides are processed in a stepwise removal of sugar with ultimate product as ceramide

34
Q

How many rings does a sterol molecule contains?

A

4

35
Q

Is the steroid molecule rotatable?

A

No the C-C bonds don’t allow it

36
Q

Where is the polar head group of a sterol molecule located?

A

At the C-3 of the first ring

37
Q

Where is the non-polar chain located in sterol molecules?

A

At the C-17

38
Q

What are eicosanoids?

A

Paracrine hormones (prostaglandin, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and thromboxane)

39
Q

What is the precursor of eicosanoids?

A

Arachidonic acid

40
Q

How many rings are present in prostaglandins and thromboxane?

A

5 and 6 respectively

41
Q

What are some cortisol derived steroid hormones?

A

Prednisone, prednisolone, Brassinolide, and beta estradiol

42
Q

What triggers plant’s defensive mechanism against insects?

A

Jasmonate derived from FA 18:3

43
Q

Geraniol, beta-pinene, limonene, menthol, carvone are?

A

Plant volatiles

44
Q

What is the precursor of plant volatiles?

A

Isoprene units (five carbon units) and fatty acids

45
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

46
Q

Vitamin D3 is present in the skin in the form of?

A

Inactive 7-dehydrocholesterol

47
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin d3?

A

1alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol)

48
Q

What is another name for vitamin d3?

A

Cholecalciferol

49
Q

Which vitamin is all trans retinol?

A

Vitamin A1

50
Q

What product of vitamin A1 is used in vision nourishment?

A

Retinoic acid

51
Q

What are the precursors of retinoids?

A

Beta carotene and vitamin A1

52
Q

What is the visual pigment of rhodopsin?

A

11-cis-retinal

53
Q

Which molecule acts as a neuronal signal?

A

all-trans-retinal derived from 11 cis retinal

54
Q

What are tocopherols?

A

They’re vitamin E

55
Q

What two vitamins are redox reaction cofactors?

A

Vitamin k and e

56
Q

Which isoprenoid acts as a antioxidant?

A

Vitamin E

57
Q

What isoprenoid is cofactor in blood clotting?

A

Vitamin K1

58
Q

What isoprenoid is a anticoagulant?

A

Warfarin

59
Q

What is phylloquinone?

A

Vitamin K1

60
Q

What isoprenoid is an electron carrier in mitochondrial membrane?

A

Ubiquinone or CoQ

61
Q

What isoprenoid is a electron carrier in plants?

A

Plastoquinone

62
Q

What isoprenoid is a sugar carrier?

A

Dolichol

63
Q

What makes the sugar for membrane assembly active in bacteria?

A

Isoprenoid alcohol dolichol addition to the sugar

64
Q

What are the lipidic conjugated dienes?

A

Compounds with alternating bonds making them capable of reflecting colors e.g.: Canthaxanthin and Zeaxanthin

65
Q

What are polyketides?

A

Lipid compounds with biosynthetic pathways

66
Q

What is the name of the biosynthetic pathway of polyketides?

A

Claisen condensation

67
Q

What are some polyketide compounds?

A

Erythromycin, amphotericin B, lovastatin, etc.

68
Q

What is the linkage in Triglycerides?

A

Three FAs attached to one glycerol molecule.

69
Q

What is the linkage in glycerophospholipids?

A

Two fatty acid attached to one glycerol molecule. The last one is a polar group attached to glycerol via a P-bond.

70
Q

What is the linkage nature of sphingolipids

A

One FA + another one attached to the sphingosine molecule via P-bond. In case of glycolipids the sugar is attached to the sphingosine molecule via gly bond

71
Q

What is the nature of linkage in galactolipids?

A

One glycerol molecule harbors two FAs and one sugar molecule attaching it with a sulfur group.

72
Q

What is the linkage nature of archaeal ether lipids?

A

Glycerol molecule contains two diphytanyl with one phosphate group. The diphytanyl groups attach another glycerol which contains a Phosphate group that links it to another glycerol molecule.

M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards (22 decks)

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