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M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards > Digestive sys2 > Flashcards

Digestive sys2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many milk teeth or permanent teeth are there?

A

20 and 32 respectively

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2
Q

What is the function of each of the following canine, molar, and incisor?

A

Stabbing and holding, cutting, and grinding

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3
Q

What’s the hardest thing in the body of humans?

A

Enamel

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4
Q

What is mastication?

A

Chewing of food

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5
Q

What enzymes are released during mastication?

A

Salivary amylase and lingual lipase

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6
Q

What are the layers of alimentary canal?

A

Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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7
Q

Where is lamina propria located?

A

Mucosa layer

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8
Q

Where is myenteric plexus?

A

Mascularis externa, between it’s two muscle rings and longitudinals

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9
Q

What are mesothelium?

A

Serous producing cells of serosa

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10
Q

What muscles propel the food through the esophagus?

A

Inner longitudinal muscle and circular outer layer.

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11
Q

What is bolus?

A

Masticated food mixed with saliva

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12
Q

What is the physiology of esophagus?

A

Starts through the mouth and passes to the diaphragm and connects with stomach

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13
Q

What is the process of peristalsis?

A

One side of the esophagus undergoes relaxation (front) and the other contraction (backward)

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14
Q

Where does food empties in stomach?

A

Pyloric sphincters

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15
Q

What’s rugae?

A

Internal folding of the stomach

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16
Q

Where does protein digestion begins?

A

Stomach

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17
Q

What cells produce pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells of stomach

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18
Q

What cells produce HCL and intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

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19
Q

What cells absorb B12?

A

Parietal cells

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20
Q

Which cell produces content that triggers both chief and parietal cells?

A

Endocrine cells aka G-cells

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21
Q

What is ascites?

A

Fluid state of serous membrane

22
Q

Peritoneum is comprised of?

A

Mesothelium

23
Q

What is mesenteries?

A

Double sheet of peritoneum surrounding digestive organs

24
Q

What’s the function of falciform ligament?

A

Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

25
Q

This fold is present between the stomach and liver

A

Lesser omentum

26
Q

What wraps the small intestine?

A

Mesentery proper

27
Q

What wraps the colon?

A

Mesocolon

28
Q

What is the longest portion of the intestine?

A

Duodenum

29
Q

What are the portion of small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

30
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Specialized lymphatic capillaries

31
Q

What are payer’s patches and where are they located?

A

Payer’s patches are lymphatic tissue collections

32
Q

What carries out protein digestion in small intestine?

A

Trypsin

33
Q

What types of enzymes are associated with pancreatic fluid?

A

Pancreatic amylase, trypsin, lipase, alkaline content, and nucleases

34
Q

Are lipids transported via active transport in the intestines?

A

No they are absorbed via diffusion

35
Q

What are the regions of large intestine?

A

Cecum, colon (ascending, descending, traverse, and sigmoid), and rectum

36
Q

Does the large intestine contains villi?

A

No

37
Q

Does small intestine participates in digestion?

A

No but it aids the removal of waste and retention of water

38
Q

What is a saliva?

A

Mixture of serous fluid and mucus

39
Q

What is the breakdown product of starch?

A

Maltose to monosaccharide

40
Q

How is fat processed in small intestine?

A

Broken into fat droplets (emulsified) by bile salt and then converted into glycerol and fatty acid by lipase enzyme.

41
Q

What pancreatic enzymes are activated by bile fluid?

A

Trypsin from trypsinogen, pro-carboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase

42
Q

What are the active enzymes secreted by the pancreas?

A

Amylase, lipase, and nucleases

43
Q

What is retroperitoneal composed of?

A

Head, body, and tail

44
Q

When pancreatic and bile ducts merge, what do they form?

A

Ampulla of vater

45
Q

Liver has how many lobes?

A

Four

46
Q

Name the four lobes of liver?

A

Left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobes

47
Q

What is porta hepatis?

A

Liver Hilus

48
Q

What is the composition of bile?

A

Bile pigment, cholesterol, phospholipid, electrolyte, and bile salts

49
Q

Digestion process is mostly controlled by?

A

PNS via reflex action

50
Q

What is the function of pharynx?

A

Provides passage way for the food bolus to the esophagus

M.Phil. Preparatory Flashcards (22 decks)

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