urinary lab

Question 1

primarily concerned with removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body

Answer 1

urinary system

Question 2

maintain electrolyte , acid base, and fluid balances of the blood and the major homeostatic organs of the body

Answer 2

kidneys

Question 3

urinary system consists of

Answer 3

paired kidneys, ureters, and single bladder and urethra

Question 4

kidneys are ___, filter the blood and manufacture urine in the process. sys remaining organs provide temp storage reservoirs or transportation channels for urine

Answer 4

retroperitoneal

Question 5

____ drains urine from kidneys and conducts it by peristalsis to the bladder [urethra drains the bladder]

Answer 5

ureters

Question 6

triangular region of the bladder, which is delineated by 3 openings (2 ureteral and 1 urethral orifice), is called the ____

Answer 6

trigone

Question 7

in males, urethra is approx cm long with 3 regions:

Answer 7

• prostatic
• membranous
• spongy(penile) urethra

Question 8

the duel function in males of the urethra includes:

Answer 8

serving as a urine conduit to the body exterior and provides a passageway for semen ejaculation

Question 9

diff btwn males vs. females urethras

Answer 9

• urethra is 4xlonger in males
• urethra is divided into3 segments in males but only one short tube in females
• urethra is common duct for urinary and reproductive sys in males but these sys are entirely diff in females

Question 10

segment that passes thru the prostate gland. besides urine, it receives secretions containing sperm, and viability factorsand substances that neutralize the pH of the urethra

Answer 10

prostatic urethra

Question 11

segment that passes thru the perineum and is the shortest segment

Answer 11

membraneous urethra

Question 12

segment that passes thru the penis. longest segment and recieves secretions including mucus and substances that neutralize pH. during ejaculation in the male, the semen passes thru all segments of the urethra to the outside

Answer 12

spongy urethra

Question 13

A smooth transparent membrane that tightly adheres to the external part of the kidney.

Answer 13

renal capsule

Question 14

superficial kidney region, lighter in color

Answer 14

kidney cortex

Question 15

region deep to the cortex and it is a
darker reddish-brown color; the medulla is segregated into
triangular regions that have a striped, or striated appearance –
the medullary (renal) pyramids.

Answer 15

medullary region

Question 16

areas of tissue, similar to cortex in appearance, which segregate and dip inward btwn the pyramids

Answer 16

renal columns

Question 17

renal pelvis is medial to the __

Answer 17

hilus

Question 18

fairly flat, basin-like cavity that is continnuous with the ureter , which exits from the hilus region

Answer 18

Renal pelvis

Question 19

large or primary extensions of renal pelvis are ___ and ___ ____

Answer 19

major and minor calyces

Question 20

are the 
anatomical units 
responsible for forming 
urine. Each kidney 
contains over a million

Answer 20

nephrons

Question 21

each nephron consists of 2 major structures:

Answer 21

glomerulus(capillary knot) and a renal tubule

Question 22

enlarged end of tubule encases the glomerulus is the ____ an its inner walls consists of podocytes

Answer 22

bowman’s capsule

Question 23

glomerulus capsule complex is also known as the___ __

Answer 23

renal corpuscle

Question 24

anatomical areas of renal tubule are in order of :

Answer 24

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

most nephrons, called ____ __ are found inside the cortex

Answer 25

cortical nephrons

Question 26

parts of the loops of henle of the ___ nephrons penetrate into the medulla

Answer 26

juxtamedullary

Question 27

approaching the renal pelvis, the ___ ducts fuse to form larger ___ducts which empty the final urinary product into the calyces and pelvis of the kidney

Answer 27

collecting / paillary

Question 28

the capillary vascular supply consists of 2 distinct capillary beds:

Answer 28

glomerulus and the peritubular capillary beds

Question 29

vessels leading to and frm the glomerulus, the first capillary bed, are both arterioles: the ___ arteriole feeds into the bed and the ___ arteriole drains it

Answer 29

afferent/ efferent

Question 30

__ ____ bed arises from the fferent arteriole draining the glomerulus

Answer 30

peritubular capillary bed

Question 31

these 2 capillary beds of the nephron have diff, but complimentary roles: the ____ capillaries produce the filtrate and the ___ capillaries absorb most of that filtrate

Answer 31

glomerular / peritubular

Question 32

urine formation results from 3 processes:

Answer 32

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 33

largely passive process where portin of the blood passes from glomerular bed into the glomerular capsule

Answer 33

filtration

Question 34

filtrate then enters the proximal convoluted tubule where tubular ___ and ___ begin

Answer 34

reabsorption and secretion

Question 35

___ ___ occurs when filtrate components move thru the tubule cells and return to the blood in the peritubular capillaries

Answer 35

tubular reabsorption

Question 36

reverse process of tubular reabsortption; important for disposal of substance not already in teh filtrate and as way for controlling blood pH

Answer 36

tubular secretion

Question 37

voiding, or the processes in which urine empties from bladder

Answer 37

micturition

Question 38

the ___ urethral sphincter and ___ urethral sphincter control the outflow of the urine from the bladder

Answer 38

internal/ external

Question 39

internal sphincter is a smooth muscle involuntary sphincter and external is a ___ muscle and voluntarily controlled

Answer 39

skeletal

Question 40

``` the lack of voluntary control over the external sphincter. It is normal in children two years old or younger because they haven’t learned control over the voluntary sphincter yet ```

Answer 40

incontinence

Question 41

Provides temp storage for urine

Answer 41

Urinary bladder

Question 42

portion of renal tubule responsible for greatest percentage of water absorption

Answer 42

proximal convoluted tubule[pct]

Question 43

collecting ducts fuse to form larger papillary ducts which empty urinary product into ___ and ___ of the kidney

Answer 43

calyces and pelvis