Lab PP1

Question 1

two major systems that controls your body

Answer 1

endocrine and nervous system

Question 2

specific organs that respond to a particular hormone is called ____ _____

Answer 2

target organs

Question 3

____ system performs specific functions involving cellular communication aiding in homeostasis, digestion and metabolism, reproduction/development achieved by regulating activies of ____ cells

Answer 3

endocrine;target

Question 4

2 functional areas: adenohypophysis(anterior) and neurohypophysis(posterior)

Answer 4

hypophysis(pituitary gland)

Question 5

the hypophysis is attached to the hypothalamus by the _____

Answer 5

infundibulum

Question 6

FSH/LH , ACTH, TSH are all _______ hormones

Answer 6

adenohypophysis(anterior pituitary)

Question 7

Gonadotropins that regulate gamete productions and hormonal activity of the gonads

Answer 7

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing

hormone (LH) [adenohypophysis hormone]

Question 8

Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex

portion of the adrenal gland.

Answer 8

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [adenohypophysis hormone]

Question 9

Influences the thyroid gland’s growth and activity.

Answer 9

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 10

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are _____ hormones

Answer 10

neurohypophysis

Question 11

Stimulates strong uterine contractions during birth and causes milk ejection in the lactating mother

Answer 11

oxytocin (neurohypophysis hormone)

Question 12

– Causes the kidney tubules to
reabsorb more water from the urine filtrate, resulting in less
urine released and more conserved body water.

Answer 12

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [neurohypophsysis hormone]

Question 13

inside the ____ gland there is the thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Answer 13

thyroid

Question 14

_____ hormone (TH) contains two hormones, thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3), that control body metabolism and cellular oxidation rates. It affects almost every cell in the body. Hyposecretionof thyroxineleads to myxedema, mental and physical sluggishness, in adults.

Answer 14

thyroid hormone

Question 15

–Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating

calcium deposit in the bones. It acts antagonistically to parathyroid hormone.

Answer 15

Calcitonin (in thyroid gland)

Question 16

• Release insulin and glucagons which are concerned with the regulation of blood sugar levels. Insulin decreases blood sugar
levels. Glucagon helps increase blood sugar levels.

Answer 16

Pancreas

Question 17

Hyposecretion of insulin leads to ___ ____ in the pancreas

Answer 17

diabetes melitus

Question 18

• Hypersecretion of insulin leads to _____, low blood sugar. (in pancreas)

Answer 18

hypoglycemia

Question 19

inside the ovaries there is ___ and ___

Answer 19

estrogen and progesterone

Question 20

___ is responsible for the maturation of
the reproductive organs and breast
development for females at puberty

Answer 20

estrogen

Question 21

____– Acts with estrogen to bring on the menstrual cycle.

Answer 21

progesterone

Question 22

____plays a role in biological rhythms and prevents precocious sexual maturation in the pineal gland

Answer 22

melatonin

Question 23

• Most numerous blood cells.
• Biconcave disk shape.
• Produced in the bone marrow
• Life span is 100 – 120 days 
after which they fragment and 
are destroyed (mainly in the 
spleen).
• Function – transport oxygen 
and carbon dioxide.

Answer 23

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 24

\_\_\_ means (lacking a nucleus) 
when mature and circulating. 
This results in them being 
unable to reproduce or repair 
damage.

Answer 24

anucleate (RBCs)

Question 25

• Contain granules in their cytoplasm and lobed nuclei. -neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Answer 25

Granulocytes

Question 26

``` ____ are phagocytes. Their numbers increase exponentially during acute infections. Nucleus is multi-lobed and have inconspicuous granules. ```

Answer 26

neutrophils (granulocytes)

Question 27

____attack parasitic worms and lessen allergy attacks. The nucleus is a figure 8 or bilobed in shape and have red granules.

Answer 27

eosinophils (granulocytes)

Question 28

___have a large U- or Sshaped nucleus and large bluepurple granules. They release antihistamines and contain heparin.

Answer 28

basophils (granulocytes)

Question 29

``` • A total WBC count or RBC count determines the total number of that cell type per unit volume of blood. They are very useful in diagnosis of illnesses. ```

Answer 29

Hematologic Tests

Question 30

_____ -– A very high | WBC count.

Answer 30

Leukocytosis

Question 31

_____-– A decrease in WBC numbers below 4000/mm3

Answer 31

leukopenia

Question 32

``` ____-– A decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood that usually results from either a decrease in RBC number or size. ```

Answer 32

anemia

Question 33

• Classification is based on the presence of specific glycoproteins on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane called antigens (agglutinogens).

Answer 33

Blood Typing

Question 34

• Antigens on RBCs react with antibodies (agglutinins) resulting in agglutination. • Blood types include A, B, AB, and O. Type O doesn’t contain any antigens.

Answer 34

blood typing

Question 35

_ _+indicates the presence of Rh surface antigens while Rh- blood lacks the surface antigen.

Answer 35

Rh+

Question 36

• There are __ agglutinins (antibodies) for Rh+ or | Rh- blood.

Answer 36

no

Question 37

Rh- people can synthesize anti-RH when exposed to _ _+ blood

Answer 37

Rh+

Question 38

universal blood donor:

Answer 38

O-

Question 39

universal blood receiver:

Answer 39

AB+ (bc no antibodies are present in plasma)

Question 40

neurohypophysis has what 2 hormones

Answer 40

oxytocin and ADH

Question 41

hyposeccretion of throxine (T4) leads to

Answer 41

myxedema

Question 42

increases number of osteoclasts; Ca, Mg, and phsophate

Answer 42

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 43

body growth and metabolism hormone

Answer 43

growth hormone (GH)

Question 44

abnormal hairiness

Answer 44

hirutism

Question 45

helps increase blood sugar levels (pancreas)

Answer 45

glucagon

Question 46

hypersecretion of insulin(too much)/low blood glucose concentration

Answer 46

hypoglycemia

Question 47

secrete glucagon

Answer 47

alpha cells

Question 48

secreted by pineal gland, promotoes sleep

Answer 48

melatonin

Question 49

ovulation, progesterone, milk secretion hormone

Answer 49

luteinizing hormone

Question 50

connect lobes of thyroid gland

Answer 50

isthmus

Question 51

decrease level of calcium

Answer 51

calcitonin

Question 52

prolonged muscle spasms; can cause respiratory paralysis or death

Answer 52

tetany

Question 53

regulates water/electrolyte balance in extracelular fluid

Answer 53

aldosterone | corticosteroid:adrenal cortex

Question 54

increases blood glucose enabling body to resist long term stressors

Answer 54

cortisone

Question 55

hyposecretion of insulin (too little)

Answer 55

diabetes mellitus

Question 56

maintains pregnancy, lactation, mentral

Answer 56

progesterone

Question 57

hormone primary function is to control rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation

Answer 57

thyroid hormone

Question 58

disorder caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone

Answer 58

pituitary dwarfism

Question 59

___ is a hormone synthesized by pancreatic beta cells

Answer 59

insulin