Lab PP1 Flashcards
two major systems that controls your body
endocrine and nervous system
specific organs that respond to a particular hormone is called ____ _____
target organs
____ system performs specific functions involving cellular communication aiding in homeostasis, digestion and metabolism, reproduction/development achieved by regulating activies of ____ cells
endocrine;target
2 functional areas: adenohypophysis(anterior) and neurohypophysis(posterior)
hypophysis(pituitary gland)
the hypophysis is attached to the hypothalamus by the _____
infundibulum
FSH/LH , ACTH, TSH are all _______ hormones
adenohypophysis(anterior pituitary)
Gonadotropins that regulate gamete productions and hormonal activity of the gonads
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing
hormone (LH) [adenohypophysis hormone]
Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex
portion of the adrenal gland.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [adenohypophysis hormone]
Influences the thyroid gland’s growth and activity.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are _____ hormones
neurohypophysis
Stimulates strong uterine contractions during birth and causes milk ejection in the lactating mother
oxytocin (neurohypophysis hormone)
– Causes the kidney tubules to
reabsorb more water from the urine filtrate, resulting in less
urine released and more conserved body water.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [neurohypophsysis hormone]
inside the ____ gland there is the thyroid hormone and calcitonin
thyroid
_____ hormone (TH) contains two hormones, thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3), that control body metabolism and cellular oxidation rates. It affects almost every cell in the body. Hyposecretionof thyroxineleads to myxedema, mental and physical sluggishness, in adults.
thyroid hormone
–Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating
calcium deposit in the bones. It acts antagonistically to parathyroid hormone.
Calcitonin (in thyroid gland)
• Release insulin and glucagons which are concerned with the regulation of blood sugar levels. Insulin decreases blood sugar
levels. Glucagon helps increase blood sugar levels.
Pancreas
Hyposecretion of insulin leads to ___ ____ in the pancreas
diabetes melitus
• Hypersecretion of insulin leads to _____, low blood sugar. (in pancreas)
hypoglycemia
inside the ovaries there is ___ and ___
estrogen and progesterone
___ is responsible for the maturation of
the reproductive organs and breast
development for females at puberty
estrogen
____– Acts with estrogen to bring on the menstrual cycle.
progesterone
____plays a role in biological rhythms and prevents precocious sexual maturation in the pineal gland
melatonin
• Most numerous blood cells. • Biconcave disk shape. • Produced in the bone marrow • Life span is 100 – 120 days after which they fragment and are destroyed (mainly in the spleen). • Function – transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
\_\_\_ means (lacking a nucleus) when mature and circulating. This results in them being unable to reproduce or repair damage.
anucleate (RBCs)
• Contain granules in their
cytoplasm and lobed nuclei.
-neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Granulocytes
\_\_\_\_ are phagocytes. Their numbers increase exponentially during acute infections. Nucleus is multi-lobed and have inconspicuous granules.
neutrophils (granulocytes)
____attack parasitic
worms and lessen allergy attacks.
The nucleus is a figure 8 or bilobed in shape and have red granules.
eosinophils (granulocytes)
___have a large U- or Sshaped nucleus and large bluepurple granules. They release
antihistamines and contain heparin.
basophils (granulocytes)
• A total WBC count or RBC count determines the total number of that cell type per unit volume of blood. They are very useful in diagnosis of illnesses.
Hematologic Tests
_____ -– A very high
WBC count.
Leukocytosis
_____-– A decrease in
WBC numbers below
4000/mm3
leukopenia
\_\_\_\_-– A decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood that usually results from either a decrease in RBC number or size.
anemia
• Classification is based on the presence of specific glycoproteins
on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane called
antigens (agglutinogens).
Blood Typing
• Antigens on RBCs react with antibodies (agglutinins) resulting in
agglutination.
• Blood types include A, B, AB, and O. Type O doesn’t contain any
antigens.
blood typing
_ _+indicates the presence of Rh surface antigens while Rh- blood lacks the surface antigen.
Rh+
• There are __ agglutinins (antibodies) for Rh+ or
Rh- blood.
no
Rh- people can synthesize anti-RH when exposed to _ _+ blood
Rh+
universal blood donor:
O-
universal blood receiver:
AB+ (bc no antibodies are present in plasma)
neurohypophysis has what 2 hormones
oxytocin and ADH
hyposeccretion of throxine (T4) leads to
myxedema
increases number of osteoclasts; Ca, Mg, and phsophate
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
body growth and metabolism hormone
growth hormone (GH)
abnormal hairiness
hirutism
helps increase blood sugar levels (pancreas)
glucagon
hypersecretion of insulin(too much)/low blood glucose concentration
hypoglycemia
secrete glucagon
alpha cells
secreted by pineal gland, promotoes sleep
melatonin
ovulation, progesterone, milk secretion hormone
luteinizing hormone
connect lobes of thyroid gland
isthmus
decrease level of calcium
calcitonin
prolonged muscle spasms; can cause respiratory paralysis or death
tetany
regulates water/electrolyte balance in extracelular fluid
aldosterone
corticosteroid:adrenal cortex
increases blood glucose enabling body to resist long term stressors
cortisone
hyposecretion of insulin (too little)
diabetes mellitus
maintains pregnancy, lactation, mentral
progesterone
hormone primary function is to control rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation
thyroid hormone
disorder caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone
pituitary dwarfism
___ is a hormone synthesized by pancreatic beta cells
insulin
