Lab PP Respiratory Flashcards
major role of resp system includes:
to supply body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
resp is divided into 2 zones
conducting and respiratory
nose to the terminal bronchioles
conducting zone of resp system
respiratory bronchioles to the aveoli
respiratory zone
4 respiratory processes
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, and internal respiration
The tide-like movement of air into and out of the lungs so that the gases in the alveoli are continuously changed and refreshed. Also called breathing.
pulmonary ventilation
The gas exchange between the blood and the air-filled chambers of the lungs.
external respiration
transport of respiratory gases between
the lungs and tissue cells of the body accomplished by the cardiovascular
system, using blood as the transport vehicle.
transport of respiratory gases
Exchange of gases between systemic blood and tissue
cells.
internal respiration
what 2 systems are linked in which if one system fails, cells die and can lead to death
respiratory and circulatory
separates nasal cavity into right and left side
nasal septum
flows over 3 pairs of lobe like structures called __,___,and ___
inferior, superior, and middle nasal conchae
air passes into the resp tract thru the external ___ and enters the nasal cavity
nares(nostrils)
beneath each nasal concha is a cavity called ___ which increases the surface area of the nose
meatus
the passing air is warmed , moistened , and filtered by the __ ___
nasal mucosa
The nasal cavity is surrounded by the ___ __
paranasal sinuses
nasal passages are separated from the oral cavity elow by a partition composed nateriorly of the __ palate and posteriorly by the __palate
hard; soft
genetic defect causing difficulty in breathing and oral cavity functions such as sucking, mastication, and speech
cleft palate
___connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus inferiorly consisting of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Throat (funnel shaped pharynx)
lies above the soft palate serving as an air passage
nasopharynx
nasal infections may invade teh middle ear cavity and cause __ __
otitis media
extends from the soft palate and serves as a common conduit for food and air.
oropharynx
__ ___ are in oropharynx lateral walls and __ ___ covers the base of the tongue
palatine tonsils; lingual tonsil
____ accomodates injested food and air. from here, air enters the lower respiratory passageways by passing thru the larynx and into the trachea
laryngopharynx
larynx consists of nine cartilages including:
- thyroid
- cricoid
- tracheal
- arytenoid
- epiglottis
inferior to the circular pieces of thyroid and cricoid cartilage is ___ ___
tracheal cartilage
posterior to the thyroid cartilage is 2 small pieces of __ ___
arytenoid cartilage
all the laryngeal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage except the flap like ___ (structure closes off resp passageways to incoming food/drink
epiglottis
mucus membrane of the larynx is 2 pairs of folds, the upper ___ folds and the __ folds, or true vocal cords
vestibular;vocal
trachea (windpipe) divides the juncture called ___ and transitions into the R&L ___ __, which enter their respective lungs at indented areas called the __
carina; primary bronchi; hilum
primary bronchi divide further into smaller branches to become ___
bronchioles
each secondary bronchi supplies a lobe of each lung, further subdividing into ___
terminal bronchioles
terminal bronchioles subdivide into ____ __
respiratory bronchioles
all bronchiole structures collectively make up the __ ___
bronchiole tree
medial surface of the left lung exhibits a concavity called the __ __ which accommadates the heart
cardiac notch
fissures divide the lungs into lobes– __ in the left lung and 3 in the right where each is enclosed in a sac called teh PLEURA
2
__ __ is theouter layer and is attached to the thoracic walls and the diaphragm
parietal pleura
inner layer of lungs, covering the lung tissue is ___ ___
visceral pleura
2 layers of pleura separated by the ___ ___ , which is more potential than actual space
pleural cavity
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions (500 ml)
tidal volume (TV)
amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation (3100 ml)
inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
expiratory reserve volume
maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration = TV +IRV+ERV
vital capacity (VC)
measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs/ measures ventilation
spirometer
__ of the lungs is the site of entry for the bronchi and pulmonary vessels
hilus
in order to sepak, structure that must vibrate with expelled air is ___ __ ___
true vocal cords
portion of pharynx containing palantine and lingual tonsils is the
oropharynx
larynx is part of ___ respiratory system
lower
vital capacity can be calculated by
TV+ERV+IRV
bronchial tree
trachea primary bronchi secondary tertiary bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs alveoli
