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A&P2 > digestive sys lab > Flashcards

digestive sys lab Flashcards

1
Q

hollow tube extending form mouth to anus only in contact with cells that line the tract

A

alimentary canal

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2
Q

___ food must first be physically broken down by chewing and churning

A

ingested

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3
Q

next food must be chemicalled broken dodwn thru enzymatic ___ into smaller diffusible molecules (process is called digestion)

A

hydrolysis

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4
Q

process: digested end products can then pass thru the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to the body cells.

A

absorption

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5
Q

digestive system organs are separated into 2 major groups called :

A

alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) and the accessory digestive organs

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6
Q

consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small/large intestines

A

alimentary canal

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7
Q

structures include the teeth, slaivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and the pancreas

A

accessory digestive

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8
Q

4 layers of the alimentary canal walls =

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and either serosa or adventitia

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9
Q

the wet epithelial membrane lining the lumen with a surface epithelium, lamina propria, and a muscularis mucosae

A

mucosa

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10
Q

functions are secretion (enzymes, mucus, hormones, etc.) and absorption of digested foods and protection against bacterial invasion

A

mucosa

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11
Q

superficial to the mucosa and is a moderately dense connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, scattered lymph nodules, and nerve fibers

A

submucosa

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12
Q

intrinsic nerve supply of submucosa is called the

A

submucosa plexus

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13
Q

this layer is also known as the muscularis and is usually a bilayer of smooth muscle

A

muscularis externa

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14
Q

serosa is the outermost layer and is the visceral peritoneum. contains mesothelium associated with a think layer of areolar connective tissue. in areas outside the abdominopelvic cavity, the __ replaces the serosa

A

adventitia

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15
Q

layer of coarse fibrous connective tissue that binds the organ to surrounding tissues. the serosa functions to reduce friction and the adventitia anchors and protects the surrounding organ

A

adventitia

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16
Q

food enters digestive tract thru the ___ ___ that contains the gums, teeth, tongue,a nd openings of the salivary gland ducts

A

oral cavity

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17
Q

comprises the roof of the mouth

A

palate

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18
Q

fingerlike projection of the soft palata is known as the ____ extending inferiorly from its posterior margin

A

uvula

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19
Q

floor of the cavity is covered by the tongue which is supported by the ____ muscle

A

mylohyoid

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20
Q

membranous __ ___ secures the inferior midline of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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21
Q

the space betwn the lips and cheeks and the teeth and the oral cavity proper is the area that lies within the teeth and the gingiva (gums)

A

vestibule

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22
Q

lips and gingiva (gums) are connected by ____ ____

A

labial frenula

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23
Q

masses of lymphoid tissue, located posteriorly on both sides of the mouth

A

palantine tonsils

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24
Q

occurs when palantine tonsils become inflamed and enlarged. this swelling partially block the posterior entrance to the pharynx resulting in difficulty and pain when swallowing

A

tonsilltis

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25
Q

___pharynx : behind the nasal cavity

A

nasopharynx

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26
Q

___pharynx: behind the oral cavity extending from the soft palate to the epiglottis overlying the larynx

A

oropharynx

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27
Q

extending from the epiglottis to the base of the larynx

A

laryngopharyx

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28
Q

pharyngeal walls contain 2 layers of skeletal muscles: an inner layer of longitudinal muscle( ___ ___) and an outer layer of circular constrictor muscles

A

levator muscles

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29
Q

passage into the esophagus is controlled in the laryngopharynx by the ___ __ ___

A

upper esohpageal sphincter

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30
Q

esophagus extends from the pharynx to the ___ __ ___ in the stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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31
Q

a thickening of smooth muscle at the esophagus-stomach junction, controls food passage into the stomach

A

lower esophageal spincter

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32
Q

stomach regions include:

A

cardiac region, fundus, body, and plyoric region

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33
Q

___ is the concave medial surface of the stomach and __ is the convex lateral surface

A

lesser curvature / greater curvature

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34
Q

extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

lesser omentum

35
Q

saclike and extends from the greater curvature of the stomach downward and blends with the mesocolon

A

greater omentum

36
Q

opening of the small intestine controlled by the __ ___

A

plyoric sphincter

37
Q

__ ___ of the mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid and hydrolytic enzymes which breakdown proteins

A

gastric glands

38
Q

secrete a viscous mucus that prevents the stomach from digesting itself

A

mucosal glands

39
Q

food gets broken down into ___, a creamy mass , and then enters the small intestine

A

chyme

40
Q

small intestine is suspended by a double layer of periotneum, fan shaped ____, from posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentary

41
Q

3 small intestine subdivisions:

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

42
Q

ileum joins the large intestine at the ___ ___

A

ileocecal valve

43
Q

deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa layers that force the chyme thru the intesttine

A

plicae circulares

44
Q

fingerlike projections of the mucosa tunic in small intestine

A

villi

45
Q

are minute projections of surface plasma membranes of the columnar epithelial lining cells of the mucosa

A

microvilli

46
Q

also found in the small intestine are ___ ___, nodules of lymphoid tissue

A

peyer’s patches

47
Q

large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus and encircles the small intestine on 3 side and consists of the __, ___,__,__,and ___

A

cecum, vermiform appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal

48
Q

colon regions include:

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

49
Q

longitudinal muscle layer of the large intestine is reduced to 3 longitudinal muscle bands called the __ ___

A

teniae coli

50
Q

teniae coli cause the wall to pucker into small saces called ___

A

haustra

51
Q

fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum that hang from the teniae coli

A

epiploic appendages

52
Q

first set of teeth are called __ ___ and appear btwn 6 months and 2.5 yrs begining with lower central incisors

A

deciduous teeth

53
Q

deciduous teeth begin to be lost by 6 and are replaced by ___ teeth

A

permanent

54
Q

teeth are classified as :

A

incisors, canines/cuspids, premolars/bicuspids, and molars

55
Q

dental formula for deciduous teeth is

A

2,1,0,2/2,1,0,2 x2=20

56
Q

permanent teeth dentition formular

A

2,1,,2,3/2,1,2,3 x2=32

57
Q

tooth consists of __,__,__

A

crown, root, and neck

58
Q

___covers the tooth and underneath is the ___ that composes the bulk of the tooth

A

enamel ; dentin

59
Q

___ __central portion of the tooth and extends into distal portions of the root becomes the root canal

A

pulp cavity

60
Q

3 pairs of glands secrete into the oral cavity:

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

61
Q

__ __ begins the digestion of starch by breaking it into disaccharids and glucose

A

salivary amylase

62
Q

largest gland in body with 4 lobes

A

liver

63
Q

digestive function of liver is to produce __ that leaves thru the common hepatic duct and enters the duodenum thru the bild duct. bile emulsifiies fat

A

bile

64
Q

when digestive activity not occuring, bile backs up into __ ___ and enters the ___ where it is stored until needed.

A

cystic duct; gallbladder

65
Q

left and right lobes of liver are separated by the __ ___

A

falciform ligament

66
Q

if bile backs up into liver it is forced into the bloodstream resulting in ___

A

jaundice

67
Q

inflammation of the liver, usually cased by a pathogen

A

hepatitis

68
Q

hardening of the liver, usually caused by heavy alcohol consumption, but not always

A

cirrhosis

69
Q

__ ___ line the sinusoids of the liver and are phagocytic cells that remove bacteria and other debris form the blood as it flows by

A

kupffer cells

70
Q

has both an endocrine function (insulin and
glucagon) and an exocrine (enzyme-producing) function.
• The pancreatic juice neutralizes the acidic chyme entering the
duodenum from the stomach (optimal pH in the stomach is very
acidic, while for the small intestine is slightly alkaline).

A

pancreas

71
Q 
are the 
major means of propelling 
food through most of the 
digestive viscera. Waves of 
contraction followed by waves 
of relaxation squeeze 
foodstuffs through the 
alimentary canal.
A

peristaltic movements

72
Q

local constrictions that occur rhythmically, mainly to mix food with digestive juices and to inc rate of absorption

A

segmental movements

73
Q

primary digestive function of the ileum is

A

absorption

74
Q

folds of the stomach mucosa that increase surface area are called

A

rugae

75
Q

__ ___ attached mesocolon to lesser greater curvature of stomach

A

greater omentum

76
Q

path of urine drainage

A

collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder

77
Q

kidney is referred to as an excretory organ bc it excretes what kind of waste

A

nitrogenous

78
Q

cuplike areas that enclose the apexes of the medullary pyramids and collect urine draining form the pyramidal tips into the pelvis

A

minor calyces

79
Q

arteries most distal to renal artery and thus the smallest

A

interlobular arteries

80
Q

internal uretheral sphincter made up of ___ muscle and therefore is not under conscious control

A

smooth

81
Q

blood flow thru kidney

A 
renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobublar arteries
afferent arterioles
glomulerular capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
segmental veins
renal vein
82
Q

flow of urine

A 
glomerulus
bowmans capsule
proximal convoluted
loop of henle
distal convoluted
collecting duct 
papillary duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
83
Q

responsible for raising the tongue superior and posterior during the swallowing process

A

mylohyoid muscle

84
Q

peristalsis movements happen in ___ &__/ segmental is in __

A

esophagus and ureters/ stomach

A&P2 (17 decks)

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