Urinary Incontinence and Prolapse Flashcards
What 3 layers make up the pelvic floor?
pelvic diaphragm
muscles of perineal pouches
perineal membrane
What two muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
levator ani and coccygeus
What are the features of the pelvic diaphragm?
deepest layer
has the urogenital hiatus + passage for the urethra + vagina for females
What are the 3 parts/muscles of the levator ani?
puborectalis
pubococygeus
ileococygeus
What is the function of the puborectalis?
forms a sling around the rectum - tonic contractions bend the anorectum anteriorly
What is the usual state of the levator ani - contracted or not?
tonically contracted most of the time
relaxes to allow urination and defeacation
What is the levator ani innervated by?
pudendual nerve + nerve to the levator ani
What is then tendineous arch of the levator ani?
thickened layer of fascia that covers the obturator internus
Where do the deep perineal pouch muscles lie?
above the perineal membrane but below the fascia covering the inferior aspect of the pelvic diaphragm
What are the deep perineal pouch muscles?
compressor urethrae
external urethreal spinchter
deep transverse perineal muscles
What is the role of the compressor urethrae and external urethreal spinchter? What is their effect on the urethra?
work together BUT
compressor pushes down on the urethra
spinchter contracts the urethra
What type of muscle is the deep transverse perineal muscles in men?
skeletal muscle
What type of muscle is the deep transverse perineal muscles in women?
smooth muscle
What does the deep transverse perineal muscles contain?
bulbourethral glands
Where does the superficial perineal pouch lie?
beneath the perineal membrane