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1. Reproduction > Anatomy of Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Anatomy of Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the bony pelvis?

A

support of upper body when sitting/standing
transferance of weight from the vertebral column to the femurs to allow standing and walking
attachment for external genitalia and muscles of locomotion and abdominal wall
protection of the pelvic organs, their blood and nerve supplies

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2
Q

At what age do the pubis and ischium fuse?

A

age 2-8

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3
Q

When does the ilium fuse with the pubis and ischium?

A

puberty
11-14 women
14-17 men

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4
Q

What makes up the pelvic outlet?

A 
pubic symphysis
ischiopubic ramus
ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments
coccyx
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5
Q

What makes up the pelvic inlet?

A

sacral promontory
ilium
superior pubic rams
pubic symphysis

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6
Q

What relaxes during pregnancy?

A

ligaments of the pelvis

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7
Q

What are the attachments of the sacrospinous ligament?

A

sacrum -> ischial spine

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8
Q

What are the attachements of the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

sacrum -> ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the role of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

A

stabalisation and ensure the inferior part of the sacrum is not pushed superiorly

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10
Q

What does the presence of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments form?

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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11
Q

What covers the obturator foramen?

A

obturator membrane

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12
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

obturator canal - for obturator nerves and vessels

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13
Q

What is different about a female pelvis compared to a male pelvis?

A

larger diameter of female pelvis and pelvic outlet and inlet
larger subpubic angle
shallower pelvic cavity

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14
Q

What diameter is wider in the pelvic inlet - transverse or AP?

A

transverse>AP

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15
Q

What diameter is wider in the pelvic outlet - transverse or AP?

A

AP>transverse

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16
Q

What allows the babies head to mould in childbirth?

A

presence of fontanelles and sutures

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17
Q

What are the two fontanelles called?

A

anterior and posterior

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18
Q

Which fontanelle is bigger?

A

anterior

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19
Q

What is the vertex?

A

area of the skull outlined by the anterior and posterior fontanelle and the parietal eminences

20
Q

What is longer - the biparietal diameter or the occipitofrontal?

A

occipitalfrontal

21
Q

What is a fetus’ station?

A

position in relation to the ischial spines

22
Q

What does a negative station indicate?

A

head is superior to the ischial spines

23
Q

How should the fetal head be at the pelvic inlet?

A

transverse

24
Q

How should the fetal head be at the pelvic cavity?

A

flexed

25
Q

What makes up the pelvic cavity?

A

ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
superior part of the vagina

26
Q

What makes up the perineum?

A 
inferior part of the vagina
perineal muscles
bartholins glands
clitoris
labia
27
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity and perineum?

A

levator ani

28
Q

What are the only intraperitoneal structures?

A

uterine tubes

29
Q

What forms the recto-uterine and vesico-uterine pouches?

A

the perineum

30
Q

How can the recto-uterine pouch be accessed?

A

needle through the posterior fornix

31
Q

What is the role of the broad ligament?

A

contains the uterine tubes and proximal part of the round ligament
maintains the uterus in its midline position

32
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

embryological remnant of the gubernaculum

33
Q

What is the role of the round ligament?

A

guides the testis and ovaries from their origin in the posterior wall

34
Q

Whatre the 3 levels of uterine support?

A

strong ligaments
endopelvic fascia
muscles of the pelvic floor

35
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

anteverted and anteflexed

36
Q

What is a normal variation of the uterus?

A

retroverted and retroflexed

37
Q

What is a salpingoophrectomy?

A

removal of uterine tubes and ovaries

can be bilateral = both or unilateral = one

38
Q

What end of the uterine tubes enter into the peritoneal cavity?

A

fimbriated end - so infection can transfer between these two areas

39
Q

What shows whether the uterine tubes are patent or not?

A

hysterosalphingogram

40
Q

What are the the fornix of the vagina?

A

form when the cervix is held open
posterior
anterior
2 lateral

41
Q

What are the two perineal triangles?

A

ano-genital and anal

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to the levator ani?

A

nerve to the levator ani - S2,3,4

43
Q

What is the role of the levator ani?

A

tonic contraction

reflexively contracts more during raised intra abdominal pressure

44
Q

What nerve supplies the perineal muscles?

A

pudendual nerve

45
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
important for pelvic floor strength - can be distrupted during labour

46
Q

What are bartholians glands?

A

secrete mucus for lubrication
can become infected
sit on the labia

1. Reproduction (50 decks)

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