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Jaspie - Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) > Urinary Bladder > Flashcards

Urinary Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

Females: UB

A

Posterior: related to anterior vaginal wall

Anterior: related to pubic symphysis & retropubic space of Retzius

Superior: related to vesicouterine pouch (peritoneal cavity) & uterus

Apex: Related to

  • MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT or URACHUS (remnant of allantois)
  • 2 MEDIAL UMBILICAL LIGAMENTS (remnant of R & L umbilical artery)
  • 2 LATERAL UMBILICAL LIGAMENTS (R & L inferior epigastric artery & vein)

Neck: related to Urogenital diaphragm

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2
Q

Internal structure

A

Mucosa: transitional epithelium

Smooth muscle: DETRUSOR MUSCLE

Trigone: located on posterior surface, defined by openings of ureters superiorly & by urethra inferiorly

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3
Q

Locations

A

Infants: within the ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Adults: within the PELVIC INLET, as it fills ➡️ rides out of the MINOR PELVIS, above PELVIC INLET, as high as UMBILICUS

Suprapubic cystostomy: skin ➡️ superficial fascia (CAMPER & SCARPA) ➡️ linea alba ➡️ transversalis fascia ➡️ extraperitoneal fat ➡️ bladder wall without entering the peritoneal cavity to remove the urine from the bladder

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4
Q

Urine leakage as a result of trauma

A

Rupture of superior wall (dome)

Rupture of anterior wall

Rupture of urethra above the Urogenital diaphragm

Rupture of urethra just below the Urogenital diaphragm

Rupture of penile urethra

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5
Q

Rupture of superior wall

A

Compression on full bladder

Result: Intraperitoneal extravasation of urine

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6
Q

Rupture of anterior wall

A

Fractured pelvis that punctures the bladder

Result: extraperitoneal extravasation of urine within retropubic space of Retzius

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7
Q

Rupture of urethra above the Urogenital diaphragm

A

Fractured pelvis or improper catheter insertion

Result: extraperitoneal extravasation of urine within retropubic space of Retzius

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8
Q

Rupture of urethra below the Urogenital diaphragm

A

Most common type

Straddle injury

Result: extraperitoneal extravasation of urine within superficial perineal space & extends into scrotal, penile & abdominal wall

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9
Q

Rupture of penile urethra

A

Crushing injury to penis

Result: extraperitoneal extravasation of urine beneath the deep fascia of Buck

If Buck fascia is not torn –> extravasation is confined in the penis

If torn –> extravasation within superficial perineal space

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10
Q

Urine leakage as a result of incontinence

A

Total incontinence

Stress incontinence

Urge incontinence

Overflow incontinence

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11
Q

Continuous involuntary loss of urine

Cause: ectopic ureter, vesicovaginal fistula

Tx: surgery repair

A

Total incontinence

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12
Q

Associate with ⬆️ abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, Valsalva, after childbirth)

Tx: ephedrine, Phentolamine or surgery repair

A

Stress incontinence

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13
Q

Associated with intense desire to void

Cause: uncontrolled contraction of DETRUSOR muscle

Tx: oxybutynin or imipramine

A

Urge incontinence

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14
Q

Bladder filling overcomes sphincter control

Cause: prostate CA, urethral stricture, atonic neurogenic bladder

Tx: catheterization, surgery

A

Overflow incontinence

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15
Q

Types of neurogenic bladder

A

Hypertonic

Atonic

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16
Q

Small bladder and DETRUSOR hperreflexia/overactivity

–> thickened walls of the bladder (pine tree bladder)

Urgent, frequent voiding

Upper motor neuron lesions

Tx: Anticholinergics, catheterization, surgery augmentation

A

Hypertonic

17
Q

Large bladder and detrussor areflexia/underactivity

Urinary retention –> overflow incontinence

Lower motor neuron lesions

Tx: catheterization, surgery urine diversion

A

Atonic

18
Q

Most common type of tumor in the bladder (>90%)

Painless hematuria

A

Transitional cell CA

19
Q

Urinary bladder prolapses into the anterior vaginal wall

A

Cystocele

20
Q

Males: UB

A

Posterior: related to rectovesical pouch, rectum, seminal vesicles, ampulla of ductus deferens

Anterior: related to pubic symphysis & retropubic space of Retzius

Superior: related to peritoneal cavity

Apex: Related to

  • MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT or URACHUS (remnant of allantois)
  • 2 MEDIAL UMBILICAL LIGAMENTS (remnant of R & L umbilical artery)
  • 2 LATERAL UMBILICAL LIGAMENTS (R & L inferior epigastric artery & vein)

Neck: related to prostate gland & prostatic urethra

Jaspie - Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) (71 decks)

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