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Jaspie - Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) > ABDOMEN > Flashcards

ABDOMEN Flashcards

1
Q

Paracentesis

MIDLINE APPROACH

A

Skin

Superficial fascia (Camper & Scarpa)

LINEA ALBA

Transversalis fascia

Extraperitoneal fat

Parietal peritoneum

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2
Q

Paracentesis

FRANK APPROACH

A

Skin

Superficial fascia (Camper & Scarpa)

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE

INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS

Transversalis fascia

Extraperitoneal fat

Parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

Level of umbilicus

A

L3-L4

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4
Q

Level of subcostal plane

A

10th rib; L3

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5
Q

Level of transtubercular

A

Iliac tubercle; L5

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6
Q

The dermatome level of umbilicus

A

T10

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7
Q

Guide of DERMATOMES

A 
C2 - back of head
C5 - tip of shoulder
C6- thumb
C7 - middle finger
C8 - small finger
T4 - nipple
T10 - umbilicus
L1 - inguinal
L4 or L5 - big tor
S1 - small toe
S5 - perianal region
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8
Q

Muscles of the abdomen

A

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

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9
Q

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

A

Most superficial

Free inferior margin = inguinal ligament

Interdigitate with serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi

OBLIQUELY DOWNWARD AND MEDIALLY

From aponeurosis

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10
Q

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

A

Deep to external oblique

UPWARD AND MEDIAL

Aponeurotic fibers of internal oblique and transvershs abdominis = CONJOINT TENDON

From aponeurosis which splits to form rectus sheath

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11
Q

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

A

Innermost

Flat

Ends in aponeurosis

Contribute to conjoint tendon

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12
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

A

On either side of linea alba

Segmented = tendinous intersections

Lateral border convex = LINEA SEMILUNARIS

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13
Q

PYRAMIDALIS

A

Not always present

Tenses linea alba

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14
Q

At the level below the anterior superior iliac spines, the posterior wall of the rectus sheath is formed by

A

TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA

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15
Q

Cresenteric border on the posterior wall

Midway between umbilicus and pubic crest

A

Arcuate line

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16
Q

Contents of RECTUS SHEATH

A

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

Superior epigastric vessels

Inferior epigastric vessels

Lower 5 intercostals and subcostal vessels and nerves

17
Q

Blood supply of rectus sheath

A

Superior epigastric - from internal thoracic (1st part of subclavian)

Inferior epigastric - from external iliac

Deep circumflex iliac - from external iliac

18
Q

Venous drainage of rectus sheath

A

Superior epigastric - to internal thoracic

Inferior epigastric - to external iliac

Deep circumflex iliac - to external iliac

19
Q

Nerve supply rectus sheath

A

Ventral rami of the lower sicpx thoracic nerves and first lumbar nerve

20
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Inferior epigastric artery - superior and lateral inguinal ligament/POUPART’s ligament

Inferior and lateral rectus abdominis

Medial

21
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Anterior - EOM APONEUROSIS

Posterior - TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA AND CONJOINT TENDON

Superior - INTERNAL OBLIQUE AND TRANSVERSALIS ABDOMINIS

Inferior - INGUINAL LIGAMENT

Males - SPERMATIC CORD

Females - ROUND LIGAMENT

Common structure - ILIOINGUINAL NERVE (L1)

22
Q

Abnormal cysts in the spermatic cord

A

HYDROCELE - accumulation of serous fluid

HEMATOCELE - accumulation of blood, results from rupture of testicular blood vessels after trauma

SPERMATOCELE - cysts containing sperm that develops in th epididymis

VARICOCELE - results from dilatations of tributaries of testicular vein

23
Q

INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA

A

Passes LATERAL to inferior epigastric vessels

Congenital type; processus vaginalis

Children and young adults

Neck of hernial sac is narrow

Enters the scrotum

24
Q

DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA

A

Acquired type

Elderly

Neck of hernial sac is wide

MEDIAL to inferior epigastric vessels

Never enters the scrotum

25
Q

Are either direct or indirect

Both types may emerge through the superficial inguinal rings and pass superficial to the inguinal ligament

A

INGUINAL HERNIAS

26
Q

Protrude through the anterior abdominal wall lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Enter the deep inguinal ring and appear at the superficial ring

COVERED BY PERITONEUM AND LAYERS OF SPERMATIC CORD

A

INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA

27
Q

Protrude through the posterior wall and medial to inferior epigastric vessels

COVERED ONLY BY EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

A

DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA

28
Q

Cremaster muscle is derived from what layer of the abd wall

A

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

29
Q

Layers of the ABDOMINAL WALL

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia (Campers and Scarpas)
Deep fascia
Muscles
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
30
Q

Derivatives of the abdominal layers

A 
Skin = SKIN
Superficial fascia = DARTOS MUSCLES
External oblique = EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
Internal oblique = CREMASTER MUSCLE
Transversalis abdominis = none
Transversalis fascia = INTERNAL SPERMATOC FASCIA
Extraperitoneal fat = none
Peritoneum = TUNICA VAGINALIS
31
Q

Utilizes sensory and motor fibers in the ventral ramus of the L1 SPINAL NERVE

Stroking the skin of the superior and medial thigh stimulates sensory fibers of the ILIOINGUINAL NERVE

Motor fibers from the GENITAL BRANCH OF THE GENITOFEMORAL cause the cremaster muscle to contract, elevating the testis

A

CREMASTERIC REFLEX

32
Q

9 Abdominal regions

A

R hypochondriac

R lumbar

R inguinal

Epigastric

Umbilical

Hypogastric

L hypochondriac

L lumbar

L inguinal

Jaspie - Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) (71 decks)

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