Hip & Gluteal Region

Question 1

Head of femur lies anterior to the iliofemoral ligament

Lower limb is externally rotated & abducted

Femoral artery may be damaged ➡️ cya otic lower limb

Answer 1

Anterior dislocation of the hip joint

Question 2

Due to severe trauma (flexed knee hits the dashboard)

Head of femur lies posterior to iliofemoral ligament

Acetabulum may also be fractured

Sciatic nerve may be damaged

Lower limb is internally rotated & abducted & shorter than the uninjured limb

AVN of femoral head if medial & lateral circumflex arteries are compromised

Answer 2

Posterior dislocation of the hip joint

Question 3

Most common site: just distal to the femoral head (subcapital)

Typical px: elderly women with osteoporosis

Lower limb is externally rotated & shorter than the uninjured limb

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head if medial & lateral circumflex arteries are compromised

Answer 3

Femoral neck fracture

Question 4

Related to the femoral triangle

Contains the ff structures:

• femoral canal
• femoral vein
• femoral artery
• femoral nerve

Answer 4

Hip joint

Question 5

Contains lymphatics and lymph nodes

Answer 5

Femoral canal

Question 6

The great saphenous vein joins the femoral vein within the femoral triangle, just below and lateral to the pubic tubercle (site for great saphenous vein cutdown)

Answer 6

Femoral vein

Question 7

Landmark of the gluteal region

Answer 7

Piriformis muscle

Question 8

Superior to Piriformis

Answer 8

Superior gluteal vessels & nerve

Question 9

Inferior to Piriformis

Answer 9

Inferior gluteal vessels & nerve

Question 10

Superolateral portion of the buttock

Answer 10

Gluteal IM injections

Question 11

Idiopathic AVN of head of the femur

Unilateral hip pain, slight external rotation and a limp

Most commonly affects Caucasian boys

Answer 11

Legg-Perthes disease