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Jaspie - Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two divisions of skeletal system

A

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

Functions of the bones

A 
Support the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
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3
Q

Skeleton comprises how many bones?

A

206 bones

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4
Q

Two basic types of bone tissue

A

Compact bone - homogeneous

Spongy bone

  • small needle-like pieces of bone
  • many open spaces
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5
Q

Classified as he “short bone”

A

Calcaneus

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6
Q

Classification of bones according to SHAPE

A

Long bones

  • typically longer than wide
  • have a shaft with heads at both ends
  • contain mostly compact bone

Short bones

  • generally cube-shape
  • contain mostly spongy bone

Flat bones

  • thin and flattened
  • usually curved
  • thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone

Irregular bones

  • irregular shape
  • do not fit into other bone classification categories
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7
Q

Gross anatomy of long bones:

Shaft

Composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

Gross anatomy of long bones:

Ends of the bone

Composed mostly of spongy bone

A

Epiphysis

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9
Q

Junction between DIAPHYSIS AND EPIPHYSIS

A

Metaphysis

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10
Q

Covers the external surface of the epiphysis

Made of hyaline cartilage

Decreases friction at joint surfaces

A

Articular cartilage

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11
Q

Cavity of the shaft

Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults

Contains red marrow ( for blood cell formation) in infants

A

Medullary cavity

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12
Q

Forms the longitudinal part of the body

Divided into three parts: skull, vertebral column, bony thorax

A

Axial skeleton

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13
Q

Evzones of endochondral ossifications would cells accumulate Glycogen?

A

Zone of hypertrophy

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14
Q

Bone formation

A

Intramembranous - DIRECT

Intracartilagenous/ENDOCHONDRAL - INDIRECT

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15
Q

Zones of osteogenesis

A

Resting zone - site at which chondrocytes divide

Zone of proliferation - lengthens the cartilage model

Zone of hypertrophy - mature chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy, contain vacuoles and accumulate glycogen

Zone of calcification - degenerating chondrocytes, matrix between cells becomes filled with hydroxyapatite

Zone of ossification - contains differentiating osteoblasts

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16
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

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17
Q

Functional classification if joints

A

Synarthroses - immovable joints

Amphiarthroses - slightly moveable joints

Diarthroses - freely moveable joints

18
Q

Structural classification of joints

A

Fibrous joints - generally immovable

Cartilaginous joints - immovable or slightly moveable

Synovial joints - freely moveable

19
Q

Bones united by FIBROUS TISSUE

SUTURES, SYNDESMOSES (allows more movement than sutures)

A

Fibrous joints

20
Q

Bones connected by CARTILAGE

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

A

Cartilaginous joints

21
Q

Articulating bones are separated by a JOINT CAVITY

SYNOVIAL FLUID is found in the joint cavity

A

Synovial joints

22
Q

Features of SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

Articular cartilage (HYALINE CARTILAGE) covers the ends of bones

Joint surfaces are enclosed by a FIBROUS ARTICULAR CAPSULE

have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Ligaments reinforce the joint

23
Q

Pyramidal in shape

A

Axilla

24
Q

Boundaries of the axilla

ANTERIORLY

A

Anterior (pectoral):
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius

25
Q

Boudaries of the axilla

POSTERIORLY

A

Posterior (scapular):
Subscapular
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

26
Q

Boundaries of the axilla

MEDIALLY

A

Medial (costal):
2nd and 6th rib, and intercostal muscles
Serratus anterior muscle

27
Q

Boundaries of the axilla

LATERALLY

A 
Lateral (humeral):
Humerus
Long head of biceps brachii
Short head of biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
28
Q

Boundaries of axilla

APEX

A 
Apex:
Bounded by 3 bones
Clavicle (anterior)
Scapula (posterior)
1st rib (medially)
29
Q

Boundaries of the axilla

BASE

A

Base:

Skin, subcutaneous fascia and axillary fascia

30
Q

Contents of axilla

A

Axillary vein

Axillary artery

Brachial plexus

31
Q

Distal part of the sheath is closed with finger pressure

Syringe needle is inserted into the proximal part of the sheath - anesthetic solution is injected

Position verified by feeling the pulsations of the THIRD part of the axillary artery

A

Brachial Plexus Nerve Block

32
Q

Tendons may become torn or inflamed

A

Inflammation of the rotator cuff

33
Q

Most commonly affected tendon

A

Tendon of SUPRASPINATUS MUSCLE

34
Q

Dorsal scapular spaces

A

Quadrangular space

Triangular space

35
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Above - teres minor

Below - teres major

Medial - long head of triceps brachii

Lateral - surgical neck of humerus

Contents : axillary nerve (circumflex nerve), posterior circumflex humeral vessels

36
Q

Triangular space

A

Above - teres minor

Below - teres major

Laterally - long head of biceps brachii

Contents: circumflex scapular vessels

37
Q

Deep fascia of the arm

A

Bicipital apeneurosis

38
Q

Muscles of the arm

ANTERIORLY

A

Flexor

Contents:
Musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis - adducts/flexes arm
Brachialis - main flexor of forearm
Biceps brachii - flexes and main supinator of forearm
39
Q

Muscles of arm

POSTERIORLY

A

Extensor

Contents:
Radial nerve
Triceps brachii - main extensor of forearm

40
Q

Parts of the skeletal system

A

Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

Jaspie - Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) (71 decks)

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