urinary and reproductive systems Flashcards
anatomy of the kidney
capped with
adrenal glands
kidneys are located lateral to the vertebral column between the last ______
thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae on each side
three layers of connective tissue layers encapsulate the kidneys
-renal fascia
-perinephric/perirneal fat capsule
-renal capsule
connective tissue around kidneys
renal fascia
Most superficial layer
Dense connective tissue
Surrounds both kidneys and adrenal glands
connective tissue around kidneys
perinephric/ perirenal fat capsule
layer of adipose tissue
connective tissue around kidneys
renal capsule
directly covers the outer surface of the kidney
renal arteries enter at the hilum, renal veins and utters exit at the
hilum
renal cortex
outer regions (granular, reddish-brown)
renal medulla
inner regions (composed of renal pyramids with striped appearance)
renal columns
separate renal pyramids
major and minor calyces
collect urine from renal lobes (a pyramid and surrounding cortical tissue)
right renal vein drains right in
IVC
right gonadal and right suprarenal veins drain right in
IVC
left gonadal and left suprarenal veins drain in ______
left renal vein
urerters
function
Carry urine out of the kidneys to the bladder
layers of connective tissue outside the kidney from outside to inside
renal fascia
perirenal fat capsule
renal capsule
ureters
capable of
peristalsis
ureters
connect to the bladder at an angle that
prevents back flow of urine
ureters exit the kidney at the
hilum
ureters
enter posterior/inferior side of bladder at the ____- in the trigone area
ureteral openings
the -_______ is sensitive to expansion (stretch); when it gets full, signals to empty bladder
trigone
trigone is formed by the _____ and internal urethral orifice
2 ureteric orifices
urinary bladder
_______ help maintain the position of the bladder
peritoneal folds
urinary bladder
detrusor muscle: smooth muscle layer of the bladder
function
involuntary (brain and SC control mechanism of voiding – can be trained)
Bladder expands to fill and contracts to empty – need compliance
Can be very sensitive to bladder irritants and muscular tension
urinary bladder
internal/external sphincter
the exit of bladder/entrance of urethra: function
smooth muscle (involuntary) – structurally different in female
male bladder and urethra
length? 3 parts
18 to 20 cm in length, subdivided based on location into three parts
membranous urethra short segment that goes through the _________
urogenital diaphragm (site of external urethral sphincter
prostatic urethra passes through
prostate gland
spongey urethra (penile urethra) extends through the penis to the
external urethral orifce
IUS- fails during
retrograde ejaculation
female bladder and urethra
base of the bladder is __________________
inferior to the uterus, anterior to the vagina
female urethra length
Shorter (3-5 cm) (partly why
more women suffer UTIs than men)
female bladder
external urethral oriffice is near the
anterior wall of the vagina (more external in females)
Internal - structurally different than in male
internal genitalia are located in the pelvic cavity
male and female
Uterus, cervix, ovaries, and uterine tubes in females
Prostate gland, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles in males
external genitalia are located in the perineum
Clitoris, labia majora, and labia minora in females (vulva)
Penis and scrotum in males
structures supporting the ovaries
3
Ovarian ligament (contained within
broad ligament)
Suspensory ligament (contains gonadal
vessels – attach ovary to sidewall of pelvis)
Mesovarium (part of broad ligament)
uterine tube contains
fimbrae
infidibulum
ampulla
isthusms
strutures supporting uterus 2
broad ligament
round ligament
pelvic floor muscles
3 layers
superficial
middle
deep
pelvic floor muscles
superficial
sexual, external anal sphincter
pelvic floor muscles
middle
Urinary sphincter control, supportive/trampoline
pelvic floor muscles
deep
largest, support, pressure control
pelvic floor muscles (function) 4 S’s
- Supportive, sphincter, sexual, stabilize*** (regulate pressure)
