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CPPS 221 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

paranasal sinuses (4)

A

-frontal sinus
-sphenoidal sinus
-maxiallry sinus
-ethmoidal sinuses

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2
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

superior nasal meatus

A

receives drainages from posterior ethmoidal sinuses

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3
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

middle nasals meatus

A

receives drainages from anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus

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4
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

inferior nasal meatus

A

receives drainages from nasolacriminal duct

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5
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

sphenoidal sinus drains into

A

sphene-ethmoidal recess (superior to superior conchae)

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6
Q

components of respiratory system

conducting division
Functions?

A

-provides passageway for air to move
-warms, humidifies and cleanses air

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7
Q

components of respiratory system

respiratory division

A

-provide site of gas exchange between lungs and blood

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8
Q

external nose anatomy
ala nasi

A

cartilaginous flap on lateral side of each nostril

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9
Q

external nose anatomy: dorm nasi

A

length of nose

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10
Q

external nose anatomy: root

A

region located between the eyebrows

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11
Q

internal structures of the nose: nasal septum

A

divides nasal cavity into left and right sides

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12
Q

internal structures of the nose: superior, middle and inferior conchae

A

three pairs of C-shaped bones extending laterally from the nasal septum

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13
Q

internal structure of the nose: meatuses

A

passageways surrounding the conchae for air flow

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14
Q

nasopharynx

A

-conduit for air only
-adenoids lie in posterior wall

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15
Q

oropharynx

A

-conduit for digestion and respiration
-tonsils found at the border

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16
Q

laryngopharynx

A

conduit for both air and food
-opens into larynx and esophagus

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17
Q

the pharynx

A

-connects the nose, mouth and throat
-digestive and repository systems share the pharynx

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18
Q

epiglottis

A

superior to glottis – during swallowing larynx elevated and epiglottis folds back over the glottis to prevent liquid and food from entering the respiratory passageways

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19
Q

larynx- 3 unpaired cartilages

A

-epiglottis
-thyroid
-circoid

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20
Q

thyroid (larynx)

A
  • largest forms anterior and lateral walls, incomplete posterior – anterior surface contains laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
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21
Q

circoid

A

ring shaped – attachment of laryngeal muscles and ligaments

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22
Q

3 paired cartilages (larynx)

A

-arytenoids
-corniculates
-cuneiforms

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23
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A

bind all 9 cartilages together

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24
Q

extrinsic ligaments of larynx

A

attach thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage to trachea

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25
Q

____ and _____ ligaments extend between thyroid cartilage and arytenoids

A

vestibular and vocal

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26
Q

vestibular (false) folds (inelastic) - project into ______ and cover vestibular and vocal ligaments

A

glottis

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27
Q

vocal fold (elastic) helps produce

A

sound

28
Q

larynx has extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
intrinsic function to

A

regulate tension in vocal folds and open and close the glottis

29
Q

larynx has extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
extrinsic muscles function to

A

connect larynx to other structures and move it during swallowing and speaking

30
Q

the trachea extends from the _____ to its division into left and right bronchi

A

larynx

31
Q

contains hyaline cartilage between ______

A

fibrous tissue ligaments

32
Q

The _______ is a ridge of cartilage that senses solid or liquid substances and triggers violent coughing to expel them

A

carina

33
Q

ciliated cells on the interior of trachea form the _______

A

mucociliary escalator

34
Q

trachea is located anterior to

A

esophagus

35
Q

trachea extends from larynx to

A

T5

36
Q

trachea 16-20 incomplete horizontal rings of ______

A

hyaline cartilage

37
Q

trachea ends by terminal bronchioles, commonly referred to as ______

A

bronchial tree

38
Q

trachea branches at T5 giving rise to ______

A

left and right main bronchi

39
Q

the main bronchus travel to and through the _______

A

hilum

40
Q

the main bronchus is branched into _______

A

lobar (secondary)

41
Q

the lobar bronchus is further divided into _____ and _____

A

superior and inferior lobar bronchi

42
Q

lung pleura

visceral pleura

A

tightly covers each lung

43
Q

lung pleura

parietal pleura

A

liens inner wall of thoracic cavity

44
Q

pleural cavity

A

small space between the layers containing pleural fluid (secreted by mesothelial cells)

45
Q

contents of the left lung hilum

A

pulmonary artery is superior to bronchus while pulmonary veins are located inferiorly

46
Q

left lung contains

A

one oblique fissure
2 lobes: superior and inferior
lingual
cardiac notch
cardiac impression

47
Q

primary muscles of inhalation

A

external intercostals
diaphragm

48
Q

accessory inhalation muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralis minor
serrates anterior

49
Q

respiratory centres (3)

A

3 pairs of nuclei in the pons (2) and medulla (1)

50
Q

hypothalamus

controls the production of ____________ in the anterior lobe of the __________

A

hormones
pituitary gland

51
Q

Hypothalamus releases TRH – Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
what is the function?

A

Regulates the thyroid and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary

52
Q

parathyroid glands

parathyroid cells monitor the concentration of _________ in blood

A

calcium ions

53
Q

parathyroid glands

when the calcium concentration drops below normal the parathyroid cells secrete __________

A

the parathyroid cells secrete PTH (parathyroid hormone)

54
Q

parathyroid glands

PTH increases blood levels of calcium by

A

stimulating osteoblasts to secrete a growth factor that binds to osteoclasts

55
Q

tonsils (3)

A

-pharyngeal
-palatine
-lingual

56
Q

tonsils contain lymphocytes that ________

A

remove pathogens that come in from air/food

57
Q

functions of lymphatic system (3)

A

-drains excess interistial fluid
-transports dietary lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood
-protects against invasion through immune responses

58
Q

functions of spleen

removing _______ and other blood components through phagocytosis

A

abnormal blood cells

59
Q

functions of spleen

storing ______ recycled from the breakdown of red blood cells

A

iron

60
Q

functions of spleen

initiating immune responses by __________ in reposes to antigens in circulating blood

A

B cells and T cells

61
Q

the spleen is located on the ________ along the _______ of the stomach

A

left side, along the lateral border of the stomach – largest lymphoid organ

lies between the 9th and 11th ribs

62
Q

spleen attaches to the lateral border of the stomach by

A

mesentery, the gastrosplenic ligament

63
Q

thymus- lymphoid system

posterior to the ______and in superior portion of _____

A

manubrium
mediastinum

64
Q

thoracic duct
collects lymph ….

A

(clear fluid – carries cells that help fight infection) from both sides of body

65
Q

thoracic duct

drains into

A

Drain into venous system - back into circulatory system

CPPS 221 (16 decks)

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