special senses: vision and hearing Flashcards
eyelids
-upper and lower
-shade eyes during sleep
-protect eyes from foreign bodies
-closed by orbicular oculi muscle
eyelashes and eyebrows
eyelashes are associated tie ________ called tarsal glands
sebaceous gland
eyelashes secret _____ product which keeps eyelashes from sticking together
lipid-rich
conjunctiva
thin, protective mucous membrane
conjunctiva, composed of _____________
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
palpebral conjuctiva
lines the inner aspect of the eyelids
bulbar conjunctiva
passes from the eyelids onto the surface of the eyeball and covers sclera (the white of the eye)
extrinsic muscles of the eye (6)
-superior rectus
-inferior rectus
-medial rectus
-lateral rectus
superior oblique
-inferior oblique
function of extrinsic eye muscles
these muscles are inserted on the eyes outer surface and function to rotate the eyeball
All extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by oculomotor nerve except Lateral rectus and superior oblique are innervated by __________
abducens and trochlear nerves respectively
actions of superior rectus
elevates + adducts
actions of inferior rectus
depress + adducts
actions of medial rectus
adducts
actions of lateral rectus
abducts
actions of superior oblique
depress + abducts
actions of inferior oblique
elevates + abducts
eyeball wall - 3 layers
-fibrous tunic (cornea, sclera)
-vasucular tunic (choroid, ciliary body and iris)
-retina
fibrous tunic consists of anterior _____ and posterior _______
cornea and sclera
cornea is avascular transparent coat that covers the coloured________ continuous with sclera
iris
fibrous tunic focuses light onto the ____
retina
outer surface of fibrous tunic consists of nonkeratinized stratified ___________ (support)
squamous epithelium
middle coat of fibrous tunic consists of _____ and ____
collagen fibers and fibroblasts
inner surface of fibrous tunic is ______
simple squamous epithelium
sclera is the ____ of the eye
white
sclera is a layer of __________ made up of mostly collagen fibres and fibroblasts
dense connective tissue
sclera covers the entire eyeball except the
cornea
sclera serves as the site of attachment for
the extrinsic eye muscles
vascular tunic is the ___ layer of eyeball (uvea)
middle
vascular tunic consists of 3 layers
iris, ciliary body and choroid
iris is the ____ of the eyeball
coloured portion
vascular tunic is suspended between the _____ and the _____
cornea and lens
vascular tunic consists of ____ and circular and radial smooth muscle fibers
melanocytes
the amount of ____ in the iris determines eye colour
melanin
a function of the iris is to regulate the ___________ though the pupil
regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through pupil
vascular tunic- ciliary body
as its periphery the iris attaches to the anterior portion of _______
the ciliary body
vascular tunic- ciliary body
ciliary body begins at the junction of the ______ and ____ and extends posteriorly to the ora serrata
cornea and sclera
vascular tunic- ciliary body
ciliary body consists of the _____ and has numerous folds called cilia processes
ciliary muscle
vascular tunic- choroid
a highly vascular layer separates the fibrous layer and inner layer posterior to _____ what is the function?
ora serrata
delivers oxygen to the retina
neural tunic- retina
2 layers
pigmented (other thin layer)
neural (inner thick layer)
neural tunic- retina
pigmented layer continues over ____ and
what is the function ?
ciliary Boyd and iris
absorbs light after it passes through retina
neural tunic- retina
neural layer only extends as far as ora serrata, contains ________ that respond to light
photoreceptors
the 3 parts of the ear
external
middle
internal
part of ear that collects sound waves
external ear
part of ear that amplifies sound waves
middle ear
part of ear that contains sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium
internal ear
external ear consist of (3)
auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
auricle
(rim is the helix while inferior part is the lobule) - fleshy
external acoustic meatus
(lies in the temporal bone) -passageway
tympanic membrane
(eardrum): semi- transparent partition between external acoustic meatus and middle ear
middle ear
separated from external ear by ______
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
middle ear
contains tympanic cavity in where ______ are located
auditory ossicles
middle ear
what are the 3 auditory ossicles
malleus, incus and stapes (tiny ear bones)
middle ear
vibration of tympanic membrane converts sound waves into _____
mechanical movement
the vibration of the _____ vibrates fluid contents of inner ear
stapes
middle ear
oval window
the base of footplate of stapes fits into oval window
middle ear
oval window is in
cochlear wall
middle ear
oval window- movement of the stapes causes oval window to vibrate these vibrations are conducted to the __________ (fluid of inner ear)
perilymph
middle ear
oval window
leads to stimulation of the receptors in ______ and we hear sound
cochlear duct
middle ear
round window: directly blow oval window and enclosed by a membrane called __________
secondary tympanic membrane
middle ear
round window
separates ______ from air filled middle ear
cochlear chambers
inner ear
inner ear has the sensory receptors for _____ and ____
hearing and equilibrium
inner ear
consists of ______ that encloses an inner membranous labyrinth
bony labyrinth
inner ear
bony labyrinth is divided into (3)
- semicircular canals
- vestibule
- cochlea
inner ear
bony labyrinth is lined with _____ and contains perilymph and protects and surrounds the membranous labyrinth
periosteum
inner ear
semicircular canals (anterior, posterior and lateral)
placement?
projected superiorly and posteriorly from the vestibule
inner ear
at the end of each canal an enlargement called ____ is located
ampulla
inner ear
____ gives rise to the 3 semicircular canals
vestibule
inner ear
___ anterior to vestibule, a bony spiral canal
cochlea
cochlea
is formed of 3 channels
scala vestibule
scala tympani
cochlear duct
cochlea
scala vestibule ends at ____
oval window
cochlea
scala tympani ends at ____
round window
cochlea
cochlear duct (scala media) continuation of __________- in cochlea
membranous labyrtinh
vestibular membrane separates ______ from scala vestibuli
cochlear duct
________ cochlear duct from scala tympani
basilar membrane
