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CPPS 221 > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic joints

A

pubic symphysis
sacroiliac joint

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2
Q

classifying joints by structure

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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3
Q

classifying joints by function/range of motion

A

synarthrosis
amphiathroses
diarthrosis

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4
Q

fibrous joint example and description

A

(Ex. suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

most moveable

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5
Q

cartilaginous joint ex and description

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

slightly movable

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6
Q

synovial ex and description

A

(mon/bi/triaxial)

one direction/ two/ three

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7
Q

synarthrosis joints

A

immovable

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8
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly moveable

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9
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely moveable (synovial)

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10
Q

synovial joints have

A

joint capsule
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
articular cartilage

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11
Q

movements that can occur at synovial joints : gliding

A

simple movement in which flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another e.g. intertarsal
joints between tarsals or carpals or vertebrae on top of eachother

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12
Q

movements that can occur at synovial joints: angular movements

A

There is an increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones.

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13
Q

movements that can occur at synovial joints: flexion…

A

involves decrease in the angle between articulating bones elbow flexion= radius/ulna and humerus the angle gets smaller

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14
Q

movements that can occur at synovial joints: extension

A

involves increase in the angle between articulating bones. elbow extension= angle gets larger
Both movements occur along the sagittal plane with a few exceptions such as flexion of the thumb

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15
Q

movements that can occur at synovial joints: abduction and adduction

A

Abduction (movement away from longitudinal axis) and adduction (movement back to center)

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16
Q

bones revolt around its own longitudinal axis:

A

medial rotation and lateral rotation

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17
Q

special movements of synovial joints

A

Elevation
Depression
Protraction(ant in horizontal plane)
Retraction

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18
Q

special movements of synovial joints: foot

A

Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Planter flexion

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19
Q

special movements of radioulnar joint

A

supination
pronation

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20
Q

special movements of synovial joints (thumb)

A

opposition/reposition

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21
Q

sub-classification of synovial joints: plane (monaxial)

def and ex

A

allow only gliding or sliding motion in any direction, back and forth, side to side movements (facet joints, Intercarpal joints and carpometacarpal, SI (sacroiliac joint), SC/AC, sternocostal 2-7)

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22
Q

sub-classification of synovial joints: hinge (monaxial)

A

produce angular, opening and closing motions, allow only flexion and extension (elbow, knee).

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23
Q

sub-classification of synovial joints: pivot (monaxial)

A

allow only rotary movement around one axis (proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial (allows us to say no).

24
Q

sub-classification of synovial joints: ball and socket joints (multi axial)

A

allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, abduction, circumduction and rotation
(Hip and shoulder).

25
Q

sub-classification of synovial joints: saddle (biaxial)

A

allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, limited circumduction –Rider in a saddle
- carpometacarpal joint of thumb - trapeziometacarpal

26
Q

sub-classification of synovial joints: condyloid (biaxial)

A

movement is similar to saddle joint, movement is around 2 bones (radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal of the second through 5th digits joints)

27
Q

temporomandibular (TMJ)

location
type
bones involved
movements

A

location: head

type: combined hinge and plane (articular disc)

bones involved: condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone (know only skeletal parts)

movements: triaxial
- depression (jaw opening)
-elevation (jaw closing)
-protraction
-retraction
-slight rotation

28
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

location
type
bones involved
movements

A

location: head

type: pivot joint (monaxial joint- rotation)

bones involved: articular facet of the anterior arch of atlas and dens of axis. The structures are held tightly by transverse ligament

movements: rotation

29
Q

intervertebral articulation

location
type
bones involved
movements

A

location: vertebral column expect sacrum and coccyx

type: plane joint

bones involved: vertebrae (superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae)

movements: Vary region to region
Individual movement of vertebrae – glide permits flexion, extension and rotation of the whole vertebral column.

30
Q

shoulder compels includes…

A

the clavicle, scapula, humerus and their associated joints (sternoclavicular and shoulder joints)

31
Q

sternoclavicular joints

location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements

A

location: thorax

type: plane joint

bones involved: medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

ligaments: Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament (sternum to clavical) behind anterior
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament (costal tuberosity -1st rib)

movements: gliding, slight rotation and circumduction of clavicle

32
Q

shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements

A

location: upper limb

type: ball and socket

bones involved: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula

ligaments:
Coracohumeral ligament: extends from coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
Glenohumeral ligaments: extends from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus
Transverse humeral ligament: extends from lesser to great tubercle of humerus

movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation and circumduction

33
Q

ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Coracohumeral ligament: extends from coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus

Glenohumeral ligaments: extends from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus

Transverse humeral ligament: extends from lesser to great tubercle of humerus

34
Q

shoulder joint stabilized by rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus (abduction)
Infraspinatus (adduction and lateral rotation)
Teres minor (adduction and lateral rotation)
Subscapularis (medial rotation)

35
Q

Which of the following is not a joint contained within the shoulder girdle?
: Sternoclavicular joint
Temporomandibular joint
Acromioclavicular
Scapulothoracic

A

B

36
Q

elbow joint

location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements

A

location: upper limb

type: hinge joint (monaxial)

bones involved: humerus, radius, ulna

ligaments:
Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from
lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular
ligament of radius and radial notch of ulna.
Annular ligament of radius: holds the head of radius in the radial notch of ulna (covers head and heck of radius

movements: flexion and extension

37
Q

ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from
lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular
ligament of radius and radial notch of ulna.
Annular ligament of radius: holds the head of radius in the radial notch of ulna (covers head and heck of radius

38
Q

wrist complex (radoiocarpal joint)

location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements

A

location: upper limb

type: condylar joint

bones involved: radius, scaphoid, lunate and triquetrium

ligaments:
Palmar radiocarpal: connects distal radius to anterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet.
Dorsal radiocarpal: connects distal radius to posterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from
radial styloid process to lateral surface of scaphoid
Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from ulnar styloid process to medial surface of triquetrum

movements: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

39
Q

ligaments of radoiocarpal joint

A

Palmar radiocarpal: connects distal radius to anterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet

Dorsal radiocarpal: connects distal radius to posterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet.

Radial collateral ligament: extends from radial styloid process to lateral surface of scaphoid

Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from ulnar styloid process to medial surface of triquetrum

40
Q

hand joints

A

carpometacarpal joints

metacarpophalangeal

interphalangeal

41
Q

Carpometacarpal joints

A

Location: Upper Limb
Type: plane except carpometacarpals between thumb and wrist is saddle (more movement-biaxial)
Bones involved: carpals/metacarpals

42
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint
Location: Upper Limb
Type: condylar
Bones involved: metacarpals and proximal phalanges
Movements: Flexion/ extension; abduction/ adduction (biaxial)

43
Q

Interphalangeal joints

A

Location: Upper Limb
Type: hinge (monaxial)
Bones involved: phalanges/ phalanges
Movements: Flexion/ extension

44
Q

pubic symphysis

A

Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
Present in midline of the body (2 pubic bones)
Cartilaginous joint

45
Q

sacroiliac joint

type
bones involved

A

Type: Synovial – plane joint
Bones involved: sacrum and ilium

46
Q

hip joint

location
type
bones involved
movements

A

location: lower limb

type: ball and socket

bones involved: head of femur and acetabulum

movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation, and circumduction

47
Q

ligaments of hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament: extends from anterior inferior iliac spine of hip to intertrochanteric line

Pubofemoral ligament: extends from pubic ramus to neck of femur

Ischiofemoral ligament: extends from ischium to neck of femur
These 3 are thickenings of the capsule

Ligament of head of femur: extends from fossa of acetabulum to fossa capitus of head of femur

48
Q

knee joint

location
type
bones involved
movements

A

location: lower limb

type: modified hinge joint (less stable then other hinge joints)

bones involved: femur, patella, and tibia, patellar femoral and tibiofermoal joints

movements: flexion and extension, slight medial rotation

49
Q

ligaments of knee joint

A

Patellar Ligament/tendon: continuation ofcommon tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle.

Tibial/Medial Collateral Ligament(MCL): extends from medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia.

Patellar retinacula (medial and lateral

Fibular/Lateral collateral ligament(LCL): extends from lateral condyle of femur to lateral side of head of fibula.

Medial and lateral menisci: between tibial and femoral condyles
Provide lateral stability, cushion, conform to the shape of the articulating surface as femur moves, increase surface area of TF joint

50
Q

intracapsular ligaments of knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): limits hyperextension of knee and prevents anterior sliding of tibia on femur.

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): prevents posterior sliding of tibia when knee is flexed.

51
Q

ankle (talocrural) joint

location
type
bones
movements
ligaments

A

location: lower limb

type: hinge joint

bones: tibia, fibula, fibula (crutch) and talus

movements: dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

ligaments: lateral ligaments
- anterior talofibular
-posterior talofibular
-calcaneofibular

medial ligaments: deltoid ligaments

52
Q

foot joints

A

tarsometatarsal

metatarsophalangeal

interphalangeal

53
Q

Tarsometatarsal joint

A

Location: Lower Limb
Type: plane joint
Bones involved: 1st 3 metatarsals articulate with cuneiforms. 4th and 5th metatarsals articulate with cuboid
Movements: sliding and twisting

54
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joints

A

Location: lower limb
Type: condylar
Bones: metatarsals and phalanges
Movements: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

55
Q

Interphalangeal joints:

A

Location: lower limb
Type: hinge
Bones: phalanges
Movements: flexion/extension

CPPS 221 (16 decks)

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