joints Flashcards
pelvic joints
pubic symphysis
sacroiliac joint
classifying joints by structure
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
classifying joints by function/range of motion
synarthrosis
amphiathroses
diarthrosis
fibrous joint example and description
(Ex. suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
most moveable
cartilaginous joint ex and description
synchondrosis, symphysis
slightly movable
synovial ex and description
(mon/bi/triaxial)
one direction/ two/ three
synarthrosis joints
immovable
amphiarthroses
slightly moveable
diarthrosis
freely moveable (synovial)
synovial joints have
joint capsule
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
articular cartilage
movements that can occur at synovial joints : gliding
simple movement in which flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another e.g. intertarsal
joints between tarsals or carpals or vertebrae on top of eachother
movements that can occur at synovial joints: angular movements
There is an increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones.
movements that can occur at synovial joints: flexion…
involves decrease in the angle between articulating bones elbow flexion= radius/ulna and humerus the angle gets smaller
movements that can occur at synovial joints: extension
involves increase in the angle between articulating bones. elbow extension= angle gets larger
Both movements occur along the sagittal plane with a few exceptions such as flexion of the thumb
movements that can occur at synovial joints: abduction and adduction
Abduction (movement away from longitudinal axis) and adduction (movement back to center)
bones revolt around its own longitudinal axis:
medial rotation and lateral rotation
special movements of synovial joints
Elevation
Depression
Protraction(ant in horizontal plane)
Retraction
special movements of synovial joints: foot
Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Planter flexion
special movements of radioulnar joint
supination
pronation
special movements of synovial joints (thumb)
opposition/reposition
sub-classification of synovial joints: plane (monaxial)
def and ex
allow only gliding or sliding motion in any direction, back and forth, side to side movements (facet joints, Intercarpal joints and carpometacarpal, SI (sacroiliac joint), SC/AC, sternocostal 2-7)
sub-classification of synovial joints: hinge (monaxial)
produce angular, opening and closing motions, allow only flexion and extension (elbow, knee).
sub-classification of synovial joints: pivot (monaxial)
allow only rotary movement around one axis (proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial (allows us to say no).
sub-classification of synovial joints: ball and socket joints (multi axial)
allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, abduction, circumduction and rotation
(Hip and shoulder).
sub-classification of synovial joints: saddle (biaxial)
allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, limited circumduction –Rider in a saddle
- carpometacarpal joint of thumb - trapeziometacarpal
sub-classification of synovial joints: condyloid (biaxial)
movement is similar to saddle joint, movement is around 2 bones (radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal of the second through 5th digits joints)
temporomandibular (TMJ)
location
type
bones involved
movements
location: head
type: combined hinge and plane (articular disc)
bones involved: condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone (know only skeletal parts)
movements: triaxial
- depression (jaw opening)
-elevation (jaw closing)
-protraction
-retraction
-slight rotation
Atlanto-axial joint
location
type
bones involved
movements
location: head
type: pivot joint (monaxial joint- rotation)
bones involved: articular facet of the anterior arch of atlas and dens of axis. The structures are held tightly by transverse ligament
movements: rotation
intervertebral articulation
location
type
bones involved
movements
location: vertebral column expect sacrum and coccyx
type: plane joint
bones involved: vertebrae (superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae)
movements: Vary region to region
Individual movement of vertebrae – glide permits flexion, extension and rotation of the whole vertebral column.
shoulder compels includes…
the clavicle, scapula, humerus and their associated joints (sternoclavicular and shoulder joints)
sternoclavicular joints
location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements
location: thorax
type: plane joint
bones involved: medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum
ligaments: Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament (sternum to clavical) behind anterior
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament (costal tuberosity -1st rib)
movements: gliding, slight rotation and circumduction of clavicle
shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements
location: upper limb
type: ball and socket
bones involved: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula
ligaments:
Coracohumeral ligament: extends from coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
Glenohumeral ligaments: extends from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus
Transverse humeral ligament: extends from lesser to great tubercle of humerus
movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation and circumduction
ligaments of the glenohumeral joint
Coracohumeral ligament: extends from coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
Glenohumeral ligaments: extends from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus
Transverse humeral ligament: extends from lesser to great tubercle of humerus
shoulder joint stabilized by rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus (abduction)
Infraspinatus (adduction and lateral rotation)
Teres minor (adduction and lateral rotation)
Subscapularis (medial rotation)
Which of the following is not a joint contained within the shoulder girdle?
: Sternoclavicular joint
Temporomandibular joint
Acromioclavicular
Scapulothoracic
B
elbow joint
location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements
location: upper limb
type: hinge joint (monaxial)
bones involved: humerus, radius, ulna
ligaments:
Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from
lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular
ligament of radius and radial notch of ulna.
Annular ligament of radius: holds the head of radius in the radial notch of ulna (covers head and heck of radius
movements: flexion and extension
ligaments of the elbow joint
Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from
lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular
ligament of radius and radial notch of ulna.
Annular ligament of radius: holds the head of radius in the radial notch of ulna (covers head and heck of radius
wrist complex (radoiocarpal joint)
location
type
bones involved
ligaments
movements
location: upper limb
type: condylar joint
bones involved: radius, scaphoid, lunate and triquetrium
ligaments:
Palmar radiocarpal: connects distal radius to anterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet.
Dorsal radiocarpal: connects distal radius to posterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from
radial styloid process to lateral surface of scaphoid
Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from ulnar styloid process to medial surface of triquetrum
movements: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
ligaments of radoiocarpal joint
Palmar radiocarpal: connects distal radius to anterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet
Dorsal radiocarpal: connects distal radius to posterior surfaces of scaphoid, lunate and triquet.
Radial collateral ligament: extends from radial styloid process to lateral surface of scaphoid
Ulnar collateral ligament: extends from ulnar styloid process to medial surface of triquetrum
hand joints
carpometacarpal joints
metacarpophalangeal
interphalangeal
Carpometacarpal joints
Location: Upper Limb
Type: plane except carpometacarpals between thumb and wrist is saddle (more movement-biaxial)
Bones involved: carpals/metacarpals
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Location: Upper Limb
Type: condylar
Bones involved: metacarpals and proximal phalanges
Movements: Flexion/ extension; abduction/ adduction (biaxial)
Interphalangeal joints
Location: Upper Limb
Type: hinge (monaxial)
Bones involved: phalanges/ phalanges
Movements: Flexion/ extension
pubic symphysis
Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
Present in midline of the body (2 pubic bones)
Cartilaginous joint
sacroiliac joint
type
bones involved
Type: Synovial – plane joint
Bones involved: sacrum and ilium
hip joint
location
type
bones involved
movements
location: lower limb
type: ball and socket
bones involved: head of femur and acetabulum
movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation, and circumduction
ligaments of hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament: extends from anterior inferior iliac spine of hip to intertrochanteric line
Pubofemoral ligament: extends from pubic ramus to neck of femur
Ischiofemoral ligament: extends from ischium to neck of femur
These 3 are thickenings of the capsule
Ligament of head of femur: extends from fossa of acetabulum to fossa capitus of head of femur
knee joint
location
type
bones involved
movements
location: lower limb
type: modified hinge joint (less stable then other hinge joints)
bones involved: femur, patella, and tibia, patellar femoral and tibiofermoal joints
movements: flexion and extension, slight medial rotation
ligaments of knee joint
Patellar Ligament/tendon: continuation ofcommon tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle.
Tibial/Medial Collateral Ligament(MCL): extends from medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia.
Patellar retinacula (medial and lateral
Fibular/Lateral collateral ligament(LCL): extends from lateral condyle of femur to lateral side of head of fibula.
Medial and lateral menisci: between tibial and femoral condyles
Provide lateral stability, cushion, conform to the shape of the articulating surface as femur moves, increase surface area of TF joint
intracapsular ligaments of knee
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): limits hyperextension of knee and prevents anterior sliding of tibia on femur.
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): prevents posterior sliding of tibia when knee is flexed.
ankle (talocrural) joint
location
type
bones
movements
ligaments
location: lower limb
type: hinge joint
bones: tibia, fibula, fibula (crutch) and talus
movements: dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
ligaments: lateral ligaments
- anterior talofibular
-posterior talofibular
-calcaneofibular
medial ligaments: deltoid ligaments
foot joints
tarsometatarsal
metatarsophalangeal
interphalangeal
Tarsometatarsal joint
Location: Lower Limb
Type: plane joint
Bones involved: 1st 3 metatarsals articulate with cuneiforms. 4th and 5th metatarsals articulate with cuboid
Movements: sliding and twisting
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Location: lower limb
Type: condylar
Bones: metatarsals and phalanges
Movements: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
Interphalangeal joints:
Location: lower limb
Type: hinge
Bones: phalanges
Movements: flexion/extension
