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Urinary System > Urinary Anatomy > Flashcards

Urinary Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What level does the right kidney sit at?

A

L1-3

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2
Q

What level does the left kidney sit at?

A

T12 - L2/3

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3
Q

Are the kidneys intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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4
Q

What are the layers of fat/fascia surrounding the kidneys? (superficial to deep)

A

Pararenal fat
Renal fasica
Perirenal fat
Renal capsule

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5
Q

Where does pararenal fat lie?

A

Posterolateral aspect of the kidney

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply to and in the kidneys and venous drainage?

A 
Aorta
Renal artery 
Segmental artery 
Lobular artery 
Arcuate artery 
Interlobular artery 
Afferent arteriole 
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole 
Peritubular capillaries
Interlobular vein 
Arcuate vein 
Lobular vein 
Segmental vein 
Renal vein 
IVC
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7
Q

In the abdomen where is the aorta in relation to the IVC?

A 
IVC = right 
Aorta = left
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8
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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9
Q

What are the main parts of the nephron?

A 
Glomerulus 
Bowmans capsule 
Proximal convoluted tubule 
Loop of Henle 
Distal convoluted tubule 
Collecting duct
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10
Q

What happens at the PCT?

A

Site of reabsorption

  • glucose + AAs
  • water
  • bicarbonate
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11
Q

What is the role of the loop of Henle?

A

Maintains counter current flow

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12
Q

Which part of the loop of Henle is permeable to water?

A

Descending limb

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13
Q

What happens at the DCT?

A

Variable site of reabsorption

  • Na
  • Cl
  • Mg
  • Ca
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14
Q

What happens at the collecting duct?

A

Controls concentration of urine

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15
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the kidneys?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

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16
Q

What is the course of the ureters?

A

Arise from renal pelvis

Descend along tips of transverse processes

At sacroiliac joints - cross into pelvic cavity

Cross above common iliac arteries

At level of ischial spines - turn anteromedially

Enter bladder

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17
Q

Are ureters intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Retro until sacroiliac joints then intra

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18
Q

What is the nervous supply to the ureters?

A

Renal plexus
Testicular/ovarian plexus
Hypogastric plexus

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19
Q

What level do sensory fibres from the ureters enter the spinal cord?

A

T11 - L2

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20
Q

What is the arterial supply to ureters in the abdomen?

A

Renal artery
Ovarian/testicular artery
Ureteral branches from AA

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21
Q

What is the arterial supply to the ureters in the pelvis?

A

Superior vesical artery

Inferior vesicle artery

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22
Q

What anchors the bladder?

A

Median umbilical ligament

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23
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Area of bladder with smooth walls with corners from ureteric meatuses

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24
Q

What muscle is found within the bladder walls?

A

Detrusor

25
Q

What is the arterial supply to the bladder?

A

Superior vesicle branch of the internal iliac artery

26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

A

Vesicle venous plexus - empties into internal iliac veins

27
Q

What lymph nodes drain the bladder?

A

Superolateral bladder = external iliac

Neck + fundus = internal iliac, sacral + common iliac

28
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous supply to the bladder?

A

Hypogastric nerve

29
Q

What spinal levels does the hypogastric nerve originate?

A

T12 - L2

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply to the bladder?

A

Pelvic nerve

31
Q

What spinal levels does the pelvic nerve originate?

A

S2-4

32
Q

What is the somatic nervous supply to the bladder?

A

Pudendal nerve

33
Q

What spinal levels does the pudendal nerve originate?

A

S2-4

34
Q

What are the 2 sphincters in the urethra?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

External urethral sphincter

35
Q

What is the IUS in males?

A

Consists of circular smooth muscle fibres under autonomic control

Prevents seminal regurg

36
Q

What is the IUS in females?

A

Functional sphincter formed by the bladder neck and proximal urethra

37
Q

What is the EUS?

A

Skeletal muscle under voluntary control

38
Q

What lines the urethra?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

39
Q

How long is the male urethra?

A

15-20cm

40
Q

What are the main parts of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Bulbous urethra

41
Q

What is the course of the prostatic urethra?

A

Begins as a continuation of bladder neck

Passes through the prostate gland

42
Q

What opens into the prostatic urethra?

A

Ejaculatory ducts

Prostatic ducts

43
Q

What is the widest part of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra

44
Q

What is the course of the membranous urethra?

A

Passes through pelvic floor and deep perineal pouch

Surrounded by EUS

45
Q

What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?

A

Membranous urethra

46
Q

What is the course of the bulbous urethra?

A

Passes through bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis

Ends at urethral meatus

47
Q

What opens into the bulbous urethra?

A

Bulbourethral glands

48
Q

What is the navicular fossa?

A

Narrowing of the urethra in the glans

49
Q

What is the artery supply to the prostatic urethra?

A

Inferior vesicle branch of internal iliac artery

50
Q

What is the arterial supply to the membranous urethra?

A

Bulbourethral artery - branch of the internal pudendal artery

51
Q

What is the arterial supply to the bulbous urethra?

A

Internal pudendal artery

52
Q

What is the nerve supply to the male urethra?

A

Prostatic plexus

53
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage to the male urethra?

A

Prostastic/membranous = obturator + internal iliac

Bulbous = deep + superficial inguinal nodes

54
Q

How long is the female urethra?

A

4cm

55
Q

What is the course of the female urethra?

A

Begins at neck of bladder

Passes inferior through perineal membrane and pelvic floor

Urethra opens into perineum

56
Q

What are Skene’s glands?

A

Mucous glands that lie either side of the urethra in females

57
Q

What is the arterial supply to the female urethra?

A

Internal pudendal arteries

Vaginal arteries

58
Q

What is the nervous supply to the female urethra?

A

Vesicle plexus

Pudendal nerve

59
Q

What is lymphatic drainage to the female urethra?

A

Internal iliac nodes

Urinary System (20 decks)

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