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Urinary System > CKD > Flashcards

CKD Flashcards

1
Q

What is CKD?

A

Chronic kidney disease

Irreversible and progressive loss of renal function over time

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2
Q

What are the stages of CKD?

A 
Stage 1 - GFR >/=90
Stage 2 - 60= GFR < 89 
Stage 3 - 30= GFR <59 
Stage 4 - 15= GFR <29 
Stage 5 GFR<15
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3
Q

What can cause CKD?

A 
Diabetes 
Hypertension 
Immunologic - glomerulonephritis 
Infection - pyelonephritis 
Genetic - PCKD, Alports
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4
Q

How is CKD investigated?

A

GFR
Bloods - U+Es, CRP
USS
Kidney biopsy

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5
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for CKD?

A

Lifestyle
Smoking
Obesity
Lack of exercise

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6
Q

What are common effects of CKD?

A 
Hypertension 
Hyperkalaemia 
Acidosis
Anaemia 
Mineral bone disease
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7
Q

How is hypertension managed in CKD?

A

Anti-hypertensives
Diuretics
Fluid restriction

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8
Q

How is hyperkalaemia managed in CKD?

A

Stop ACEi / ARB

Avoid drugs that increase K+

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9
Q

What are symptoms of acidosis?

A 
Headache 
Sleepiness
Confusion 
Shortness of breath 
Nausea
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10
Q

How is acidosis managed in CKD?

A

Oral NaHCO3 tablets

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11
Q

What causes anaemia in CKD?

A 
High hepcidin 
Reduced EPO production 
Iron deficiency 
Mineral bone disease 
Bone marrow suppression by uraemia
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12
Q

How is anaemia managed in CKD?

A

Check iron stores
- replace iron

Check ESA

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13
Q

How does CKD cause mineral bone disease?

A

Reduce calcitriol

  • reduces intestinal Ca2+ absorption
  • increases bon resorption

Reduce PO4 excretion

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14
Q

How is mineral bone disease managed in CKD?

A

Reduce phosphate intake
Phosphate binder s
1-a-calcidol

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15
Q

What is ESRD?

A

End stage renal disease

GFR <15mls/min

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of ESRD?

A 
Tiredness 
Difficulty sleeping 
Oedema 
N+V
Increased infection risk
17
Q

What are the options in ESRD?

A

Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplant

18
Q

What are the advantages of HD?

A

Less responsibility

Time off

19
Q

What are the disadvantages of HD?

A

4 hours

Restriction on fluid/food intake

20
Q

What are contra-indications of HD?

A

Failed vascular access
Heart failure
Coagulopathy

21
Q

What are complications of HD?

A

Infections
Thrombosis
CVS instability

22
Q

What are advantages of PD?

A

Independence
Less fluid/food restrictions
Easier travel

23
Q

What are disadvantages of PD?

A

Frequent daily changes

Responsibility

24
Q

What are contra-indications of PD?

A

Failure of peritoneal membrane
Adhesions
Obesity

25
Q

What are complications of PD?

A

Peritonitis
Ultrafiltration failure
Leaks
Hernia development

Urinary System (20 decks)

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