Diabetic Nephropathy Flashcards
1
Q
What are the pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy?
A
Hyperfiltration + capillary hypertension GBM thickening Mesangial expansion Podocyte injury Glomerular sclerosis
2
Q
What are the stages of diabetic nephropathy?
A
- Hyperfiltration + hypertrophy
- Latent stage
- Microalbuminuria
- Overt proteinuria
- End stage renal disease
3
Q
What happens in the hyperfiltration/hypertrophy stage?
A
Increased GFR
4
Q
What happens in the latent stage?
A
Normal albuminuria
GBM thickening
Mesangial expansion
5
Q
What happens in the microalbuminuria stage?
A
Variable mesangial expansion
Increased GBM thickening
Podocyte changes
GFR normal
6
Q
What happens in the overt proteinuria stage?
A
Diffuse glomerular histopathogical changes
Systemic hypertension
Falling GFR
7
Q
What are risk factors for diabetic nephropathy?
A
Genetic susceptibility Race Hypertension Hyperglycaemia Increasing age Smoking
8
Q
How is microalbuminuria and proteinuria managed?
A
Inhibition of RAAS
Tight BP control
Statin therapy
