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Urinary System > Control of Plasma Volume > Flashcards

Control of Plasma Volume Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most osmotically effective solute in the extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium (Na+)

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2
Q

What is the effective circulating volume?

A

Volume of arterial blood effectively perfusing organs

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3
Q

How is sodium balance maintained?

A

Kidney excretion rates vary to match excretion with ingestion

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4
Q

Where is most of sodium filtered out of the nephron?

A

PCT

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5
Q

What effects change in renal sodium excretion?

A

Changes in osmotic + hydrostatic pressure - alter PCT reabsorption

RAAS - stimulates PCT reabsorption

Aldosterone - targets DCT + CD

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6
Q

WHat is pressure natriuresis/diuresis?

A

Increased sodium/water excretion when blood pressure increases

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7
Q

What happens when renal artery BP increases?

A

Reduced number of Na-H antiporter + Na-K ATPase activity in PCT

Less resorption of sodium - therefore less water resorption

Increased sodium + water excretion

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8
Q

What is transcellular reabsorption?

A

Reabsorption through cells

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9
Q

What is paracellular reabsorption?

A

Reabsorption between cells

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10
Q

What is the purpose of tight junctions?

A

Ensure apical and basolateral transporters stay on the right side

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11
Q

Where on the nephron can aquaporins be found?

A

PCT

CD

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12
Q

What aquaporins can be found on the PCT?

A

AQP1

AQP7

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13
Q

What aquaporins can be found on the collecting duct?

A

AQP2
AQP3
AQP4

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14
Q

Is sodium reabsorption mainly active or passive?

A

Active

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15
Q

What is the main mechanism of sodium reabsorption?

A

Transcellular process driven by 3Na-2K-ATPase pumps on basolateral membrane

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16
Q

How many parts is the PCT divided into?

A

3

17
Q

What transporters are present in S1?

A

Basolateral 3Na-2K-ATPase

NaHCO3- cotransporter

Apical

  • glucose co transport
  • AA co transport
  • NaH exchange
18
Q

What transporters are present in S2-3?

A

Basolateral 3Na-2K-ATPase

Apical Na-H exchanger

19
Q

What happens in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Increase in intercellular concentrations of sodium - allows paracellular reuptake of water

Concentrates sodium and chloride ions in lumen

20
Q

What happens in the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Passive sodium reabsorption (paracellular) - due to gradient created in descending limb

21
Q

What happens in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Na moves from lumen to cells - NKCl2 transporter

Na moves from cell to interstitium - 3Na-2K-ATPase

K+ diffuses via ROMK back into lumen - maintain gradient

Cl- move into interstitium

22
Q

Which part of the loop of Henle reabsorbs water?

A

Descending limb

23
Q

Which part of the loop of Henle reabsorbs NaCl?

A

Ascending limb

24
Q

What happens in the DCT?

A

Hypoosmotic fluid enters

DCT 1 - active transport of Na

  • NCC transporter - apical
  • 3Na-2K-ATPase - basolateral

DCT 2 - active transport of Na

  • NCC transporter - apical
  • ENa - apical
  • 3Na-2K-ATPase - basolateral

Fluid is more hypo-osmotic at the end

25
Q

How is calcium transported in the DCT?

A

Calcium enters cell
Binds to calbindin
Transported out of cell by sodium-calcium exchanger

26
Q

What regulates calcium transport in the DCT?

A

Parathyroid hormone

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

27
Q

How is the collecting duct divided?

A

Cortical region

Medullary region

28
Q

What are the main cell types found in the cortical region of the CD?

A

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

29
Q

What occurs in principal cells?

A

Reabsorption of sodium

  • ENaC - apical
  • 3Na-2K-ATPase - basolateral
30
Q

What are the types of intercalated cells?

A

A-IC = acid secreting type

B-IC = bicarbonate secreting type

Urinary System (20 decks)

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