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Urinary System > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a diuretic?

A

A drug that increases renal excretion of water and sodium

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2
Q

How are diuretics classified?

A 
Loop diuretics 
Thiazide diuretics 
K+ sparing diuretics 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 
Osmotic diuretic
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3
Q

What is the action of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibit Na-K-2Cl symport in thick ascending limb of LOH

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4
Q

What are some examples of loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide

Bumetanide

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5
Q

What is the action of thiazide diuretics?

A

Inhibit NaCl symport in DCT

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6
Q

What are some examples of thiazide diuretics?

A

Bundroflumethiazide

Metolazone

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7
Q

What are the types of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

ENaC inhibitors

Aldosterone antagonists

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8
Q

What are some examples of ENaC inhibitors?

A

Amiloride

Triamterene

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9
Q

What are some examples of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

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10
Q

What is the action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Inhibit carbonic anhydrase in PCT

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11
Q

What is an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

A

Acetazolamide

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12
Q

What is an example of an osmotic diuretic?

A

Mannitol

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13
Q

How do loop diuretics cause diuresis?

A

Inhibit Na-K-2Cl symport in thick ascending limb of LOH

Reduces medullary tonicity

Less water reabsorbed down stream

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14
Q

When are loop diuretics used?

A

Heart failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Renal failure

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15
Q

How do thiazide diuretics cause diuresis?

A

Inhibit NaCl symport in early DCT

Increases sodium and water loss

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16
Q

When are thiazide diuretics used?

A

Hypertension

17
Q

How do ENaC inhibitors cause diuresis?

A

Block ENaC

Sodium not reabsorbed - more sodium and water loss in urine

18
Q

How do aldosterone antagonists cause diuresis?

A

Reduce ENaC activity

19
Q

When are aldosterone antagonists used?

A

Heart failure
Ascites
Cirrhosis oedema
Conn’s hypertension

20
Q

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause diuresis?

A

Inhibit action of carbonic anhydrase in PCT

Promotes conversion of H2CO3 to water

More water loss

21
Q

How do osmotic diuretics cause diuresis?

A

Small inert molecules that increase plasma osmolarity

Draw fluid from tissues

Increases osmolarity of filtrate in the kidney

More water, sodium and potassium loss

Urinary System (20 decks)

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