Signs + Symptoms of Renal Disease Flashcards
What is AKI?
Acute kidney disease
Reversible build up of nitrogen waste products
What is CKD?
Chronic kidney disease
Irreversible gradual drop in renal function
How can AKI causes be divided?
Prerenal
Intrarenal
Postrenal
What can cause a pre-renal AKI?
Hypovolaemia
- Dehydration
- haemorrhage
- D+V
Reduced cardiac output
- MI
- heart failure
Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
- Anaphylaxis
- septic shock
What can cause a intra-renal AKI?
Nephrotoxic injury
- drugs
- contrast
- rhabdomyolysis
Interstitial nephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
What can cause a post-renal AKI?
BPH - causes backlog of urine
Bladder cancer
Renal calculi
What can cause CKD?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Smoking
Obesity
What is uraemia?
Raised blood levels of urea
What are the symptoms of uraemia?
Bleeding tendency Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Pruritus
What is proteinuria?
Protein in urine
When is the best time of day to test for proteinuria?
Early morning
What can cause proteinuria?
UTI
Inflammation
Glomerulonephritis
Amyloidosis
What is haematuria?
Haemoglobin in the urine
What can cause haematuria?
Trauma Renal calculi Pyelonephritis Cancer Glomerulonephritis
What can cause white cells in the urine?
UTI
Glomerulonephritis
Stones
Cancer
