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Histology > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

How does renin control fluid volume?

A

Renin

Reabsorbs Na+ through aldosterone release from adrenal

Angiotensin II is made and allows vasoconstriction

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2
Q

What are endocrine products the kidney makes?

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

Vitamin D metaboltes

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3
Q

Renin purpose

A

Regulates blood volume/pressure

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4
Q

Erythropoietin purpose

A

Acts on bone marrow to make new erythrocytes

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5
Q

Vitamin D metabolites

A

Conversion of Vitamin D to dihydroxycholecalciferol which regulates Ca2+ transport

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6
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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7
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

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8
Q

What are the arteries for renal vasculature supply

A 
Renal a
Interlobar a
Arcuate a
Interlobular a (radial)
Afferent glomerular arterioles
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9
Q

What are the two types of nephrons

A

Cortical and Juxtamedullary

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10
Q

Renal vasculature drainage route of cortical nephrons

A 
Efferent glomerular arteriole
Peritubular capillary network
Stellate v
Interlobular v
Arcuate v
Interlobar v
Renal v
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11
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron renal vasculature drainage

A 
Efferent glomerular arterioles
Vasa recta
Arcuate v
Interlobar v
Renal v
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12
Q

What is in the glomerulus of the renal corpuscle (4)

A

Tuft of capillaries (fenestrated)
Intraglomerular mesangial cells (support)
Afferent glomerular arteriole supply
Efferent glomerular arteriole drain

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13
Q

What is in Bowman’s capsule of the renal corpuscle (3)

A

Visceral Layer: Podocytes that are S.S.E to allow filtration
Bowman’s Space
Parietal layer

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14
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms for filtration?

A

Fenestrated S.S.E
Thick basement membrane

Podocytes

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15
Q

What is the longest, widest, and most well developed segment of the nephron?

A

PT

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16
Q

Where is the PT confined?

A

Renal cortex

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17
Q

Where are the tubular portions of PT located?

A

pars convoluta

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18
Q

Where are the straight portions of PT located?

A

pars radiata

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19
Q

PT reasborbs what percent of ions and water of the ultrafiltrate?

A

75

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20
Q

PT reasborbs what percent of glucose, AA, and proteins of ultrafiltrate?

A

100

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21
Q

What percents of organic solutes, drugs, and toxins are reabsorbed in PT?

A

All excreted

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22
Q

What classification of cells line the PT

A

S.C.E

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23
Q

T/F Cells that make PT sit on a well defned basement membrane

A

T

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24
Q

T/F There is a well developed brush border in PT

A

T

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25
Q

T/F Nuclei in PT are apical located

A

F

Basally

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26
Q

T/F Juxtamedullary nephrons have shorter LOH than cortical nephrons

A

F

Longer

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27
Q

What is the fxn of LOH (2)

A

Generate high osmotic pressure in EC fluid of medulla (counter-current multiplier system)

Reabsorption of water back into circulation bia vasa recta (counter-current exchange system)

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28
Q

LOH cell classification

A

S.S.E

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29
Q

What are differences between LOH and capillaries

A

Large lumen with more nuclei protruding lumen than capillaries

Epithelial cells slightly thicker than endothelial cells of vessels

Nuclei stain less densely than endothelial nuclei

Lumina contain no erythrocytes

30
Q

Where are the tubular portions of the DT located

A

pars convoluta

31
Q

Where are the straight portions of DT located

A

pars radiata

32
Q

DT reabsorbs Na+ how?

A

Active process controlled by aldosterone release from the adrenal

33
Q

T/F DT has absorption of ions

A

T

34
Q

T/F DT is permeable to water and urea but ions can enter and leave

A

F

DT is impermeable to water

35
Q

How does DT control acidity of ultrafiltrate?

A

Active secretion of H+ ions into lumen

36
Q

What is the classification of DT cells

A

Low cuboidal cells

37
Q

T/F DT has a lot of nuclei that are centrally/apically located

A

T

38
Q

What is the ration of cross-section of PT and DT

A

7:1

39
Q

Macula densa

  • where
  • monitors
  • instructs
A
  • Specialized portion of the DCT
  • Monitors filtrate volume and Na+ concentration
  • INstruct JG cells to release renin if necessary
40
Q

Why is the collecting duct system not considered to be a part of the nephron

A

Due to its different embryological origin

41
Q

What are the different parts of the collecting duct system

A

Collecting tubule
Collectong duct
Duct of bellini (papillary duct)

42
Q

What does the duct of bellini do

A

Opens into the area cribosa to drain urine into the minor calyx/renal pelvis

43
Q

T/F Collecting duct system is always impermeable to water

A

F

If ADH is present will become permeable to H2O

44
Q

T/F Portion of collecting duct is permeable to urea

A

T

45
Q

Cell classification of collecting tubule of CDS

A

Cuboidal epithelium

46
Q

T/F CDS cells stain poorly

A

T

Termed “clear cells”

47
Q

What types of cells are in collecting tubule of CDS?

A

Intercalated cells

  • High number of mitochondria and microvillous surface
  • Help control acid/base balance by transport of H+
48
Q

What is the cell classification of collecting duct in CDS?

A

Columnar epithelium

49
Q

What types of cells are in collecting duct of CDS?

A

Intercalated but are less nu,erous in collecting ducts

50
Q

What kind of cells make up ducts of bellini (papillary ducts)

A

Columnar epithelium

51
Q

What are the components of JG apparatus

A

Macula densa of DT

JG cells of the afferent glomerular arteriole

Extraglomerular mesangial cells ->AKA Polkissen or Lacis cells)

52
Q

Is the mechanism behind the function of macula densa known?

A

No

53
Q

Of the JG apparatus, what cells are modified smooth muscle

A

JG cells

54
Q

What do JG cells secrete

A

Proteolytic enzyme=renin

Regulates blood volume

Alodsterone release from adreanl cortex

55
Q

Where are EG mesangial cells?

A

Occupies the space bordered by the afferent artiole, MD, efferent arteriole, and vascular pole of renal corpuscle

56
Q

What is the EG mesangial cell contiguous with?

A

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

57
Q

Is the prcise function of EG mesangial cells known?

A

no

58
Q

What are parts of urinary system made of transitional epithelium?

A

Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra- near bladder

59
Q

What is the part of the urethra farther from bladder made of

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinixing

60
Q

What are the organizational layers of lower urinary tract

A

Mucosa
Lamina propria/submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Tunica adventitia/serosa

61
Q

The kidney develops from (2)

A

Ureteric bud

Metanephric mesenchyme

62
Q

How does the uteric bud form in the development of the mature kidney?

A

From outgrowth of the mesonephric duct near the cloaca

63
Q

What are all formed from the ureteric bud, endoderm germ layer origin

A 
Ureter
Renal pelvis
Major and minor calyces
Collecting ducts
Collecting tubule
64
Q

What is the rest of the nephron formed from (other than ureter, renal pelvis, etc)

A

Metanephric mesenchyme

Mesoderm germ layer origin

65
Q

What are the layers of the ureter?

A

Tunica mucosa

Tunica muscularis

Tunica adventitia

66
Q

In ureter: Tunica mucosa is lined by

A

Transitional epithelium
Lamina propria
–>Fibroelastic LCT
–>In horse, mucus glands=cloudy urine

67
Q

In ureter: Tunica muscularis layers

A

Inner longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Outer circular smooth muscle layer
Outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer

68
Q

In ureter: tunica adventitia layer

A

Outer CT layer

mesothelum=S.S.E

69
Q

Urinary bladder layers

A

Tunica Mucosa

Tunica muscularis

Tunica serosa

70
Q

In bladder: Tunica mucosa is lined by

A

Transitional epithelium cells (impermeable to water/urine)

Lamina propria/submucosa

  • ->Fibroelastic LCT and DICT
  • Separted by muscularis mucosa in fragmented setions
71
Q

In bladder: Tunica muscularis is made of

A

Smooth muscle

72
Q

In bladder: tunica serosa is made of

A

Outer CT layer of mesothelium

Histology (14 decks)

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