Cardiovascular Lecture Flashcards
Parts of closed circulation of blood
Heart-muscular pump
Artery-Transport blood away from heart
Capillary-material exchange
Vein-Return blood to the heart
T/F Lymph system is two-way drainage system
F
One way
T/F Systemic circulation circulates to and from everywhere on the body
F
Everywhere but lungs and abdominal viscera
What is the circulation to and from the lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
What is the circulation from abdominal viscera?
Portal circulation
What’s the general structure of blood vessels?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
Classification and name of tunica intima
Endothelium
Simple squamous epithelium
What does tunica intima incorporate?
Endothelium
Basal lamina
Subendothelial layer with internal elastic lamina
describe the endothelial cells of tunica intima
SSE
Smooth surface lining cells
Secretes enzymes and collagens
Controlling vascular tune by secreting endothelial-dependent relaxing factor, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial dependent constriction factor, endothelin 1 (ET-1)
What does tunica media incorporate?
Smooth muscle cells
Elastic fibers and lamina
CT (external elastic lamina)
What does tunica adventitia incorporate?
LCT
Complete 3 layers in arteries
Prominent muscle layer (media)
Types of arteries
Elastic arteries (conducting)
Muscular arteries (distributing)
Arterioles
Elastic artery (conducting) layers
Intimia= Thin, cincomplete internal elastic lamina
Media=More than 40 layers of elastic membranes and smooth muscle
Adventitia=Thin external elastic lamina
Visa vasorum: small blood vessels in big vessel wall goes up to tunica media
Muscular artery (distributing) layers
Intima= Apparent internal elastic lamina
Media=Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells
Adventitia=Apparent external elastic lamina
What do arterioles lack?
Elastic lamina
How many layers of smooth muscle (tunica media) in arterioles?
1-6
T/F Arterioles have thick layer of adventitia
F
Thin
Terminal arterioles vs metarterioles
Terminal arterioles have one complete layer of smooth muscle cells
Metarterioles that supply blood to capillary beds have in-complete layer of smooth muscle cells and have sphincter-like smooth muscle cells
What is the vascular bed between arterioles and venules?
Capillary
T/F Capillary has single layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina
T
What type of cells surround capillaries and venules and helps with contraction and differentiation
Pericyte
Different types of capillary
Continuous=complete layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina
Fenestrated= complete layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina; pores with diaphragm
Sinusoidal=discontinuous endothelial cells and basal lamina; big pores without diaphragm
Opening of arterio-venous anastomoses (AV shunt) allows
Blood flow bypassing capillary bed. RIchly innervated/
If shunt is closed, blood has to go through capillary bed
T/F Veins are vessels with small lumen and thick walls
F
Large lumen and thin walls
What are the three layers of veins
Thin tunica media
Prominent adventitia
What are the pairs of venous valves made of and what are there purpose?
Intimia
Prevent backflow of blood
T/F Veins have layer of smooth muscle
T
What are structures of heat wall
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Name of endocardium
Endothelium
Sub-endocardial layer containing small vessels, nerve fibers, PKJ fibers.
Name of epicardium (and pericardium)
Mesothelium
What is the cardiac skeleton made of
DCT
Cartilage
What are some gross anatomy structures we should be familiar with (but don’t need to ID)
Annuli fibrosi; aorta, pulmonary artery, AV orficies
Trigonum fibrosum; aortic valve
Inter-ventricular septum (septum membranaceum)
Lymph system vs vein walls
Similar but lymp walls are thinner
Lymph system vs vein lumen
Lumen is bigger and may see WBC
Aortic arch branches into (2)
Common carotid a
Internal carotid a
Right aortic a branches (1)
R subclavian a
L aortic arch branches (1)
Aortic arch (adult aorta)
The aortic arch continues as…
Pulmonary trunk following partitioning of truncus arteriosus
R aortic arch branches
R pulmonary a
L aortic arch branches
Ductus arteriosus (and L pulmonary a)
Ductus arteriosus=
Ligamentum arteriosum
Ductus venosus=
Ligamentum venosum
Left umbilical v=
Ligamentum teres (round ligament of liver)
Umbilical a=
Round ligament of urinary bladder
Foramen ovale=
Fossa ovalis
What is the purpose of the placenta
Provides O2, nutrition, and waste removal
T/F Pulmonary circulation is required before birth
F
Not until birth
–>Bypass via foramen ovale and ductus arteiosus
T/F Portal circulation from intestines not required until birth
T
A large portion of O2 blood bypasses liver via DUCTUS VENOSUS (connects umbilical v to caudal vena cava)
Results: Regional variations in O2 content of blood
