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Histology > Cardiovascular Lecture > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of closed circulation of blood

A

Heart-muscular pump
Artery-Transport blood away from heart
Capillary-material exchange
Vein-Return blood to the heart

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2
Q

T/F Lymph system is two-way drainage system

A

F

One way

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3
Q

T/F Systemic circulation circulates to and from everywhere on the body

A

F

Everywhere but lungs and abdominal viscera

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4
Q

What is the circulation to and from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

What is the circulation from abdominal viscera?

A

Portal circulation

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6
Q

What’s the general structure of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima

Tunica media

Tunica adventitia

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7
Q

Classification and name of tunica intima

A

Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What does tunica intima incorporate?

A

Endothelium

Basal lamina

Subendothelial layer with internal elastic lamina

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9
Q

describe the endothelial cells of tunica intima

A

SSE

Smooth surface lining cells

Secretes enzymes and collagens

Controlling vascular tune by secreting endothelial-dependent relaxing factor, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial dependent constriction factor, endothelin 1 (ET-1)

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10
Q

What does tunica media incorporate?

A

Smooth muscle cells

Elastic fibers and lamina

CT (external elastic lamina)

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11
Q

What does tunica adventitia incorporate?

A

LCT

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12
Q

Complete 3 layers in arteries

A

Prominent muscle layer (media)

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13
Q

Types of arteries

A

Elastic arteries (conducting)

Muscular arteries (distributing)

Arterioles

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14
Q

Elastic artery (conducting) layers

A

Intimia= Thin, cincomplete internal elastic lamina

Media=More than 40 layers of elastic membranes and smooth muscle

Adventitia=Thin external elastic lamina

Visa vasorum: small blood vessels in big vessel wall goes up to tunica media

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15
Q

Muscular artery (distributing) layers

A

Intima= Apparent internal elastic lamina

Media=Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells

Adventitia=Apparent external elastic lamina

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16
Q

What do arterioles lack?

A

Elastic lamina

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17
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle (tunica media) in arterioles?

A

1-6

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18
Q

T/F Arterioles have thick layer of adventitia

A

F

Thin

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19
Q

Terminal arterioles vs metarterioles

A

Terminal arterioles have one complete layer of smooth muscle cells

Metarterioles that supply blood to capillary beds have in-complete layer of smooth muscle cells and have sphincter-like smooth muscle cells

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20
Q

What is the vascular bed between arterioles and venules?

A

Capillary

21
Q

T/F Capillary has single layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina

A

T

22
Q

What type of cells surround capillaries and venules and helps with contraction and differentiation

A

Pericyte

23
Q

Different types of capillary

A

Continuous=complete layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina

Fenestrated= complete layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina; pores with diaphragm

Sinusoidal=discontinuous endothelial cells and basal lamina; big pores without diaphragm

24
Q

Opening of arterio-venous anastomoses (AV shunt) allows

A

Blood flow bypassing capillary bed. RIchly innervated/

If shunt is closed, blood has to go through capillary bed

25
Q

T/F Veins are vessels with small lumen and thick walls

A

F

Large lumen and thin walls

26
Q

What are the three layers of veins

A

Thin tunica media

Prominent adventitia

27
Q

What are the pairs of venous valves made of and what are there purpose?

A

Intimia

Prevent backflow of blood

28
Q

T/F Veins have layer of smooth muscle

A

T

29
Q

What are structures of heat wall

A

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

30
Q

Name of endocardium

A

Endothelium

Sub-endocardial layer containing small vessels, nerve fibers, PKJ fibers.

31
Q

Name of epicardium (and pericardium)

A

Mesothelium

32
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton made of

A

DCT

Cartilage

33
Q

What are some gross anatomy structures we should be familiar with (but don’t need to ID)

A

Annuli fibrosi; aorta, pulmonary artery, AV orficies

Trigonum fibrosum; aortic valve

Inter-ventricular septum (septum membranaceum)

34
Q

Lymph system vs vein walls

A

Similar but lymp walls are thinner

35
Q

Lymph system vs vein lumen

A

Lumen is bigger and may see WBC

36
Q

Aortic arch branches into (2)

A

Common carotid a

Internal carotid a

37
Q

Right aortic a branches (1)

A

R subclavian a

38
Q

L aortic arch branches (1)

A

Aortic arch (adult aorta)

39
Q

The aortic arch continues as…

A

Pulmonary trunk following partitioning of truncus arteriosus

40
Q

R aortic arch branches

A

R pulmonary a

41
Q

L aortic arch branches

A

Ductus arteriosus (and L pulmonary a)

42
Q

Ductus arteriosus=

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

43
Q

Ductus venosus=

A

Ligamentum venosum

44
Q

Left umbilical v=

A

Ligamentum teres (round ligament of liver)

45
Q

Umbilical a=

A

Round ligament of urinary bladder

46
Q

Foramen ovale=

A

Fossa ovalis

47
Q

What is the purpose of the placenta

A

Provides O2, nutrition, and waste removal

48
Q

T/F Pulmonary circulation is required before birth

A

F
Not until birth
–>Bypass via foramen ovale and ductus arteiosus

49
Q

T/F Portal circulation from intestines not required until birth

A

T

A large portion of O2 blood bypasses liver via DUCTUS VENOSUS (connects umbilical v to caudal vena cava)

Results: Regional variations in O2 content of blood

Histology (14 decks)

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