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Histology > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Basic functional unit of the body

A

cell

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2
Q

A collection of cells and material between cells that perform specialized functions

A

tissue

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3
Q

A structure or mass formed by basic tissues to perform specialized functions

A

organ

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4
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform specialized functions

A

system

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5
Q

Epithelium traits (2)

A

Covering and lining of surface

Secretion

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6
Q

Epithelium is derived from

A

ALL GERM LAYERS
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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7
Q

Functions of epithelium (7)

A
  • protection
  • Transcellular transport (active and passive)
  • Secretion
  • Absorbtion
  • Selective permeability
  • Sensory detection
  • Contraction (myoepithelial cells)
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8
Q

Characteristics of epithelium (3)

A
  • Composed entirely of cells
  • Avascular (no blood vessels)
  • Polarity (apical, lateral, basal)
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9
Q

Physical arrangement of epithelium (3)

A

1-sheets of tightly bound cells (membrane)
2-Glands (single or group secretory)
3-Non-secretory individiul or small clusters of cells

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10
Q

Membrane epithelium arranged:

A

In sheets to cover body surfaces (inside and outside)

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11
Q

3 criteria for epithelial classification

A

1-Number of layers of cells
2-Shape of cells in surface layer
3-Special modification of epithelial cells

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12
Q

Number of layers of cells can be

A

Simple (1 layer of cells)

Stratified (more than 1 layers of cells)

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13
Q

Shape of cells in surface layer

A

Squamous-flat

Cuboidal-square

Columnar-rectangular

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14
Q

Classes of epithelium in sheets with unique characteristics

A

Transitional epithelium

Pesudostratified columnar epithelium

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15
Q

3 specialized modifications of epithelial cells

A

1-Apical cell membrane
2-Basal cell membrane
3-Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Special modification of epithelial cell

Apical cell membrane (3)

A
  • Kinocilia=long, mobile projections-CILIA
  • Microvilli=short projections-BRUSH BORDER
  • Stereocilia=long, non-mobile projections
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17
Q

Special modification of epithelial cell

Basal cell membrane

A

Basal infoldings=invagination in basal cell membrane

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18
Q

Special modification of epithelial cell

cytoplasm

A

Keratinization=deposition of proteinaceous filaments

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19
Q

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

A
  • simple epithelium
  • Variable cell shapes
  • All cells attach to basement membrane
  • Not all cells reach surface of epithelium
  • Common with apical surface modification (cilia or sterocilia)
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20
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • stratified epithelium
  • shape of surface cells variable
  • Can stretch without breaking cell to cell attachment
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21
Q

Apical, basal, lateral polarity arrangement

A

Apical- toward lumen if present
Basal-attached to basement membrane
Lateral- on sides of cell that aren’t basal or apical

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22
Q

Adhesion of epithelial cells to other things via

A

Junctional complexes or terminal bars

on apical surface of cell

Glycocalyx and microvilli help

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23
Q

Types of attachments between epithelial cells (4)

A

Macula-spot
Zonula-girdle or belt
Occludens-tight seal
Adherens-site of adhesion

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24
Q

Desmosome is example of what type of attachement

A

Macula adherens

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25
Q

Some specialized structures in junctional complexes (2)

A

Gap juntinos

Hemidesmosomes

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26
Q

Intercellular bridges

A

desmosomes

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27
Q

Components of basement membrane (2)

A

1-Basal lamina

2-Lamina relicularis or Lamina fibrorecticularis

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28
Q

Basal lamina

A

Made by epithelial cells

  • ->lamina lucida
  • ->lamina densa
29
Q

Lamina relicularis or lamina fibroreticularis is made by

A

fibroblasts

30
Q

Functions of the basement membrane (3)

A
  • Attachment of epithelium
  • Filteration
  • Direct cell migration during wound healing
31
Q

Definition of gland

A

One or more specialized cells that elaborate secretory products (material not related to their ordinary metabolic needs)

32
Q

Glands originate from

A

Epithelial cells

33
Q

Glands are formed by

A

Projections of epithelium at a surface of the body into underlying mesoderm (primitive CT)

34
Q

Components of glands (2)

A

Parenchyma

Stroma

35
Q

Parenchyma of glands

A

Secretory epithelial cells

Epithelial cells of ducts

36
Q

Stroma of glands

A

CT matrix and cells
Blood vessels
Nerves

37
Q

To be a gland: 6 criteria

A

1-presence or absense of a duct
2-Number of secretory cells (exocrine or endocrine)
3-Nature of secretory product of exocrine
4-Mode of release (secretion) of secretory product by cells of exocrine glands
5-Collective shape of groups of secretory cells of exocrine gland
6-Distance endocrine secretory product must travel

38
Q

Gland with a duct

A

Exocrine gland: ducts transport secretory product to surface

39
Q

Gland without duct

A

Endocrine gland:releases secretory product into blood vessels or tissue fluid for transport carried to other locations in the body

40
Q

Example of unicellular gland

A

Goblet cell and APUD cell

41
Q

Example of multicellular gland

A

Salivary gland and parathyroid gland

42
Q

Nature of secretory product of exocrine gland (4)

A
  • Serous secretion
  • Mucous secretion
  • Mixed secretion
  • Sebaceous secretion
43
Q

Serous secretion product

A

Watery, rich protein

44
Q

Mucous secretion product

A

Viscous, slippery, rich in sugar

45
Q

Mixed secretion product

A

Components of serous and mucuos secretions

46
Q

Sebaceous secretion product

A

Lipids (oily secretion termed sebum)

47
Q

Mode of secretion of secretory product by exocrine gland (3)

A
  • merocrine
  • apocrine
  • holocrine
48
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

Secretory product released from secretory granule with NO loss of cytoplasm

49
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

Small portion of apical cytoplasm pinched off and released with secretory product

50
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

Entire cell released with secretory product

51
Q

Collective shape of groups of secretory cells of exocrine gland (3)

A

Tubular (like test tube)
Acinar (berry shaped with tiny lumen)
Aleveolar (big berry with big lumen)

52
Q

Distance secretory product of endocrine gland can travel (3)

A
  • Autocrine
  • Paracrine
  • Endocrine
53
Q

Autocrine

A

Endocrine glands use this

Secretory product directly acts on same cell

54
Q

Paracrine

A

Endocrine glands use this

Secretory products acts on adjacent cells

55
Q

Endocrine

A

Endocrine glands use this

Secretory product travels via vasculature to act on distant cells.

56
Q

Exocrine glands can be classified as (2) depending on duct

A
  • Simple-duct is unbranced

- Compound-if duct does branch

57
Q

Lobe vs lobule

A

Lobules are separated by septums (CT wall) WITHIN the lobe. Lobules hold individual secretory acini.

58
Q

What’s commonly found in the infoldings of basal cell membranes?

A

Elongated mitochondria to allow E to be used in active membrane transport system.

59
Q

What will you find on epithelium that is exposed to extensive frction

A

Keratin. For protection

60
Q

Classification of epithelium is based on

A

Morphology (cell layer, shape, special modifications)

61
Q

Name of epithelium is based on

A

Specific site in the body

62
Q

SSE that lines blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and heart is

A

endothelium

63
Q

Glyococalyx

A

Protective layer of glycoproteins

64
Q

Goblet cells

  • Secrete
  • derived
A

Single cell gland

  • secrete mucus–>mucinogen (unhydrated precursor of mucus)
  • derived from endoderm
65
Q

What composes junctional complex

A

tight junctions (zonular occludens)
zonular adherens
desmosomes (macula adherens)
gap junctions (nexus)

66
Q

Where can you see mitosis?

A

Basement membrane

67
Q

Keratohyalin

A

Small basophilic granules in cytosplasm that are associated with aggregation of keratin filaments.

68
Q

Transtional epithelum appearance is due to

A

Stretching

Histology (14 decks)

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