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Histology > Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

% of body weight blood and bone marrow make

A

Bone marrow-5 percent

Blood- 10 percent

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2
Q

When does hemopoiesis begin?

A

1-2 weeks post-conception

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3
Q

What is the primary site of postnatal hemopoiesis

A

Bone marrow

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4
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells

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5
Q

Myelopoiess

A

Production of marrow or blood cells derived from marrow

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6
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Production of white blood cells

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7
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of erythrocytes

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8
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

Production of lymphocytes

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9
Q

Granulopoiesis

A

Production of granulocytes

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10
Q

Extramedullary myelopoiesis

A

Production of myeloid elements at sites other than bone marrow

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11
Q

Hemopoiesis location 1-2 weeks post-conception

A

Embryological site= Mesoderm of yolk sac (blood islands)

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12
Q

Hemopoiesis location 6 weeks of gestation to birth

A

First trimester=liver

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13
Q

Hemopoiesis location during second trimester to birth

A

Spleen

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14
Q

Hemopoiesis location third trimester of gestation throughout postnatal life

A

Bone marrow

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15
Q

What hemopoietic areas can be reactivated if needed as postnatal site of hemopoiess (extramedullary)

A

Liver and Spleen

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16
Q

What type of bone marrow is in fetus?

-Indicates

A

Red marrow

-active myelopoiess

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17
Q

What type of bone marrow is in adults?

A 
Red marrow (flat bones, vertebrae, long bone epiphyses)
-Active myelopoiesis

Yellow marrow
-Inactive myelopoiesis

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18
Q

Yellow marrow

  • made of
  • types of cells
A

Adipose CT

Adipocytes occupy space not needed for hemopoetic cells

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19
Q

T/F Yellow marrow can not be re-activated

A

F

It can be re-activated

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20
Q

How do WBC get into circulation

A

Central vein

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21
Q

Sinus of bone marrow is lined by

A

Endothelial cells

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22
Q

Stroma of bone marrow (2)

A

Reticular CT forms open lattice

Adventitial reticular cells (type of reticular cell)

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23
Q

Adventitial reticular cell fxn (5)

A

1-Produce and surround reticular fibers (type III collagen)
2-Prevent exposure to platelets (prevents clotting)
3-Branching of cytoplasmic processes forms scaffold for hemopoietic cells
4-Provide structural support for sinusoids
5-Differentiate into adipocytes

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24
Q

Bone marrow structure- sinusoids

  • Structure
  • Connect
A
  • Wide, anastomotic vascular channels

- Connect branches from central artery to central vein

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25
Q

T/F Central artery is larger that the central vein

A

T

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26
Q

What is the benefit of the central artery being larger than the central vein?

A

Increases pressure in the sinusoids to prevent their collapse as cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue

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27
Q

Sinusoids endoethelial lining is supported by

A

Reticular CT and adventitial reticular cells

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28
Q

Where are MQ located in relation to sinusoids

A

Along outer wall of sinusoids and among hemopoietic cell groups

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29
Q

Fxn of MQ (3)

A

1-Eliminate old RBC, malformed cells, extruded nuclei from maturing RBC

2-Regulate differentiation of hemopoietic cells

3-Deliver Fe to developing RBC for heme formation

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30
Q

Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell

  • primary cell of
  • What % of nucleated cells in BM
  • A part of what population
A
  • Primary cell of origin (undifferentiated) for all blood cells
  • 0.1 percent
  • Null cell population of peripheral blood….morphogically indistinguishable from small lymphocyte
31
Q

Multipotential hemopoietic stem cells

  • AKA
  • Subpopulations
A

-CFUs (colony forming units): group of cells with a common purpose and form specific different subpopulations of cells

  • Lymphocytes (CFU-Ly)
  • Myeloid cells=all other blood cells (CFU-GEMM or CFU-S)
32
Q

GEMM

A

Granulocyte
Erythrocyte
Monocyte
Megakaryocyte

33
Q

What is an indicator of poietic stem cell?

A

CD34+ Ag

34
Q

Progenitor cells

  • AKA
  • Fxn
A

Committed CFU cells or Unipotential CFU

Can form only one or two specific type of blood cells

35
Q

Precursor cells

  • AKA
  • Fxn
A

AKA maturing cells

Differentiates into mature cell

36
Q

T/F Some stages of development in precursor cells may be found in peripheral blood

A

T

37
Q

Regulation of hemopoiesis (2)

A

Indirect control

Direct control

38
Q

Indirect control of hemopoiesis

A

Via physiological demands to maintain homeostasis of the body

39
Q

Direct control of hemopoiesis

A

Via growth factors and cytokines

40
Q

What are pluropotential and multipotential stem cells influenced by?

  • Type of control
  • growth factors
  • Cytokines
A

Direct control

  • Steel factor or stem cell factor (SCF) in CM of stromal cells
  • Granulocyte-MQ colony stimulating factor (GM_CSF)
  • IL-1,3,6
41
Q

Unpotential progenitor cells influenced by

  • Control
  • Growth factors
A

Direct control

Stem cell factor
Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin
GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF
42
Q

Most important growth factors and IL?

A 
GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF
IL-1,3 6
Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin
43
Q

Where did a lot of the important GF and IL originate?

A

MQ/monocyte

44
Q

Hemopoietic cells are capable of (3)

A

Erythropoiesis (make RBC)
Leukopoiesis (make WBC)
Thrombopoiesis (make platelets)

45
Q

Production of erythrocytes stimulated by

A

Erythropoietin from kidney

46
Q

Erythropoietin acts on

A

CFU-GEMM cells to become BFU-E cells (burst forming unit)

47
Q

RBC formation is coordinated to meet

2

A

Metabolic needs of the body

  • O2 transport requirements
  • Replacement of worn out RBCs
48
Q

What are the general cellular changes during sequential differentiation and maturation?

A
  • Progressive decrease in size of cell and nucleus
  • Gradual condensation of nuclear chromatin and heterochromatin formation
  • Polyribosome increase then progressive decrease
  • Progressive hemoglobin synthesis
  • Gradual loss of organelles
49
Q

Give maturation stages (earliest–>most mature) of erythrocyte

A 
Pluripotent stem cell
Myeloid stem cell
BFU-E
CFU-E
Rubriblast
Prorubricyte
Rubricyte
Metarubricyte
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
50
Q

Rubriblast
AKA
Formed from

A

Proerythroblast, pronormoblast

CFU-E

51
Q 
Rubriblast phenotype
Polyribosomes
Nucleuolus
Golgi
Transcription
A

Numerous polyribosomes
Nucleolus present
(-) Golgi image may be observed
Transcription of chromatin and mitosis

52
Q

What gives rubriblast basophilic stain?

A

Polyribosomes

53
Q

Prorubicyte
AKA
Formed from

A

basophilic erythoblast, basophilic normoblast

Rubriblast

54
Q 
Prorubicyte phenotype
Nucleus
Chromatin
Polyribosomes
Hemoglobin
Transcription
A

Smaller cell and nucleus from rubriblast
Chromatin begins to condense
ABUNDANT polyribosomes (same number in more condensed area)
Hemoglobin synthesis begins but is not apparent
Transcrption of chromatin and mitosis

55
Q

Rubricyte
AKA
Formed from

A

Polychromatic erythroblast, polychromatic normoblast

Prorubicyte

56
Q

Rubricyte phenotype

Transcription

A

Cell and nucleus smaller than prorubricyte
Condensation of chromatin but light areas are visible in condensed chromatin
Lots of polyribosomes
Hemoglobin synthesis apparent=gray cytoplasm

CLOCK FACED NUCLEUS

Transcription of chromatin and mitosis

57
Q

What stage in erythropoiesis shows apparent hemoglobin synthesis

A

Rubricyte

-Basophilia of ribosomes plus acidophilia of hemoglobin equal gray color of cytoplasm

58
Q

Metarubricyte
AKA
Derived from

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast, orthochromatic normoblast

Rubricyte

59
Q

Metarubricyte phenotype

  • Nucleus
  • Chromatin
  • Polyribosomes
  • Hemoglobin
  • Mitosis
A

Small cell with PYKNOTIC NUCLEUS
Highly condensed chromatin
Small amount of polyribsosomes
Abundant hemoglobin (pinkish gray cytoplasm)

Mitosis can occur at any stage

60
Q 
Reticulocyte
phenotype
Nucleus
Mitosis
polyribosomes
hemoglobin
A

No nucleus- extruded from metarubricyte
No mitosis
Few polyribosomes (slight gray tint to cytoplasm
Abundant hemoglobin

61
Q

What stage of erythropoiesis can be 1% of peripheral blood in normal small animals

A

Reticulocyte

62
Q

Reticulocyte derived from

A

Metaubricyte

63
Q

Last stage of erythropoiesis

A

Erythrocyte

64
Q

Erythrocyte morphology
size
organelles
Nucleus

A

Size and shape is variable among species
No organelles
Howell-Jolly bodies may be present (remnant of nucleus (DNA)

65
Q

T/F Granulopoiesis originates from the same multipotential CFU as erythrocytes

A

T

66
Q

T/F Progenitor cells (unipotential CFU) and early precursor cells are the same for all granulocytes

A

F

There are specific progenitor cells for each granulocyte

67
Q

What controls what progenitor cell will become a specific granulocyte

A

Cytokines

68
Q

What is the general trend of granulopoiesis

A

Decrease in cell size
Irregular nuclear shape with gradual lobation of nucleus
Synthesis of azurophilic granules
Synthesis of specific granules

69
Q

What are the stages of granulopoiesis

A 
Pluripotent stem cell
Myeloid stem cell (CFU-GEMM)
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Stab cell
Granulocyte
70
Q

Myeloblast
Originates from
Granules
Mitosis

A

Specific progenitor cell (unipotential CFU)

Cytoplasmic granules not visible

Yes to mitosis

71
Q

Promyelocyte
Originates from
Granules
Mitosis

A

Myeloblast

Primary or azurophilic granules (lyososomes) present and visible in cytoplasm

Yes to mitosis

72
Q 
Metamyelocyte
Originates from
Granules
Mitosis
Nucleus
A

Promyelocyte

Specific granules more prominent than primary granules for granulocytes

No mitosis

Nucleus is eccentric located and less than 50 percent of invagination

73
Q 
Band cell
Originates from
Granules
Mitosis
Nucleus
Peripheral blood
A

Metamyelocyte

Specific granules more prominent than primary granules for each type of granulocyte

No mitosis

Nucleus is eccentric located and MORE THAN 50 percent invagination “ribbon-like”

Can see in peripheral blood

74
Q 
Mature granulocyte
Derived from
Granules 
Nucleus
Mitosis
A

Band cell

Prominent specific granules

Nucleus is multilobated and condensed chromatin

No mitosis

Histology (14 decks)

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