Respiratory Handout Notes Flashcards
What is the purpose of serous fluid in the pleural cavity?
Allows pleural (serous) membranes to move past each other with little friction and helps keep the lungs partially expanded.
Functions of respiratory type epithelium
Warm humidify inspired air
Provide an immunological defense and ciliary clearing action
Provide sense of smell
What physical structure helps nasal cavity to warm and humidify air?
Conchae
Delivers air to lungs
Conducting portion
Where O2 and CO2 are exchanged in blood
Respiratory portion
Name conducting portion structures
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Nasal cavity epithelium
Olfactory epithelium (PSCC w/o goblet)
Respiratory epithelium (PSCC w/goblet)
Olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity contents (4)
PSCC Supporting cells Olfactory bipolar neurons Basal cells Bowman's glands present in lamina propria
Respiratory epithelium of nasal cavity contents(4)
PSCC Ciliated columnar cells Basal cells Goblet cells Seromucus glands
Contents of trachea (4)
PSCC w/goblet cells C-shaped cartilage Smooth muscle, trachealis muscle Fibroelastic CT Submucosal glands
What weird cells are scattered within respiratory tract
Amino precursor uptake decarboxylation cells (APUD)
Diffuse neuroendocrine cells (DNES)
What provides structural support to trachea and good ID
Incomplete cartilaginous rings
Important fxn of trachea
Coat surface with viscous film via goblet cells and submucosal glands
What is made of irregular cartilage plates, PSCC, spiraling smooth muscle and a part of the conducting airway
Bronchi
Contents of bronchi
PSCC w/goblet cells
Seromucus glands in lamina propria
Smooth muscle bands
Irregular hyaline cartilagenous plates
What marks the transition from conducting to respiratory portion?
Bronchioles
Contents of bronchioles (3)
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Alveoli
Some goblet cells
What cells make up alveolus
Type I cells
Type II cells
MQ
Type I cells
Simple squamous
Thin cytoplasm
Help with air-blood barrier
Type II cells
Simple cuboidal
Release surfactant
Stabilizes alveoli from collapsing
Can undergo mitosis to replenish Type I and II cells
Give cells of PSCC (5)
Ciliated columnar cell Basal cell Goblet cell Brush cell Granule
What’s the most abundant type of cell of PSCC
Ciliated columnar
What are the replacement cells of PSCC
Basal
What are sensory receptor type cells of PSCC
Brush cells
What are the small granule cells of PSCC a part of?
Diffuse neuorendocrine system (DNES)
As you go down the nasal cavity, what are the trends?
More cells are present
Epithelium appears thicker
Goblet cells are absent
(you’re in olfactory epithelium)
What type of glands are Bowman’s? Where are they found
Serous
Only found in olfactory region of terrestrial vertebrates
What are collections of olfactory axons in lamina propria
Axon fasicle
Thins squamous epithelium that covers 90% of SA and allows gas exchange with capillaries
Type I cells
Simple cuboidal cells and make surfactant and can make Type I cells
Type II cells
What are the source of MQ
Alveolar interstitium
Where does gas exchange occur
Blood-air barrier
AKA capillary endothelium
Purpose of surfctant and importance in fetal development
Reduces surface tension by limiting attractive forces of water molecule. Important to fetal lung prior to birth to prevent alveolar collapse.
