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Histology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of cartilage

A

Support

Cushion

Template for mature bone

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2
Q

Mature cartilage is (3)

A

Avascular

Aneural

Alymphatic

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3
Q

How does cartilage receive nourishment if its avascular?

A

Blood vessels of surrounding CT (pericondrium= hyaline and elastic cartilage)

Synovial fluid within joint capsule (without pericondrium=fibrocartilage)

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4
Q

What is the relationship between cartilage thickness and nutrients/oxygen?

A

Nutrients and oxygen must diffuse through the water of hydration within ECM which limits thickness of cartilage.

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5
Q

Acellular components of cartilage

A

ECM

  • ->Water
  • ->Ground substance
  • ->Fibers
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6
Q

Components of ground substance and fibers in ECM

A

Ground substance

  • aggrecans
  • hyaluronic acid
  • GAG
  • Proteoglycans

Fibers

  • Collagen
  • Elastic
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7
Q

Cellular components of cartilage (3)

A

Chondrogenic cells

Chondroblasts

Chondrocytes

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8
Q

Immature cells that secrete ECM in cartilage

A

chondroblasts

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9
Q

Mature cells that are enveloped by the ECM into lacunae

A

Chondrocytes

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10
Q

Types of growth in cartilage (2)

A

Appositional growth

Interstitial growth

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11
Q

Perichondrium consists of 2 layers

A
  • Outer fibrous layer

- Inner cellular layer

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12
Q

Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium made of

A

Type I collagen

Fibroblasts

Blood vessels

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13
Q

Inner cellular layer of perichondrium made of

A

chondrogenic cells

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14
Q

Chondrogenic cells differentiate into (which do what)?

A

Chondroblasts which make ECM and become chondrocytes

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15
Q

T/F Interstitial growth contains perichondrium

A

F

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16
Q

In interstitial growth, as cells make ECM

A

They move away from one another

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17
Q

Where does interstitial growth occur

A

Articular cartilage (lacks perichondrium) and epiphyseal plates

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18
Q

T/F Interstitial growth has chondrenic cell layer

A

F

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19
Q

What are isogenous groups

A

In cartilage

Pairings of chondrocytes in lacunae

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20
Q

Territorial matrix

A

Immediately surrounding chondrocyte (more basophilic than interterritorial matrix)

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21
Q

Territorial matrix is poor in? Rich in?

A

Poor-collagen

rich-proteoglycans (chondroitin sulfate)

22
Q

Interterritorial matrix

A

Area outside of territorial matrix (less basophilic that territorial matrix)

23
Q

Interterritorial matrix rich in? poor in?

A

Rich-type II collagen

Poor-Proteoglycans (chondroitin sulfate)

24
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Fibrocartilage

25
Q

Places hylaine cartilage is

A

Nose

Tracheal rings

larynx

cartilage part of ribs

bronchi

articular surfaces

26
Q

Color of hyaline cartilage

A

Blue/gray and translucent

27
Q

Major component of hyaline cartilage

A

Type II collagen

28
Q

Hyaline cartilage is important in

A

Endochondral ossification of long bones

29
Q

Special form of hyaline cartilage

A 
Articular cartilage (joint surfaces)
Not covered by perichondrium
30
Q

Elastic cartilage phenotype

A

Yellow and opaque

31
Q

Where is yellow cartilage found

A

ear pinnae

external and internal auditory tubes

parts of larynx

32
Q

High concentration of what in elastic cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage with type II collagen

33
Q

What has more chondrocytes, elastic cartilage or hyaline cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage

34
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found

A

Connections of tendons to bone

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphsis

Menisci of femorotibiial joint

Meniscus of TMJ

35
Q

T/F Fibrocartilage includes perichondrium

A

F

36
Q

What’s found in fibrocartilage

A

Large bundles of Type I collagen

37
Q

Fibrocartilage resists

A

Compression and shear forces

38
Q

Patters seen in fibrocartilage

A

Herringbone pattern

Chondrocytes in rows of isogenic groups

39
Q

Cartilage repair (with perichondrium) in young

A

Perichondrium still active and ensures supply of mesenchymal cells

Interstitial and appositional growth activity present

40
Q

Cartilage repair (with perichondrum in adult)

A

Perichondrium not active=regenerative activity decreased\

Loss of interstitial and appositional growth

Repair by laying down granulation tissue which can turn into fibrocartilage (scar tissue)

41
Q

Cartilage repair (without perichondrium)-Fibrocartilage

A

repairs poorly

42
Q

Cartilage repair (without perichondrium)-Articular cartilage

A

Superificial-compensatory secretion by chondrocytes (pseudointerstial growth)

Full thickness-when damage to subchondral bone…stem cells differentiate into fibrous CT, fibrocartilage, or bone

43
Q

Chondrogenic cell physical traits

  • shape
  • nucleus
  • organelles
  • mito
  • ribosomes
A

Spindle shaped

Ovoid nucleus

Small Golgi appartus

Few mitochondria

Lots of free ribosomes

44
Q

Chondrogenic cells differentiate into (2)

A

Chondroblasts or osteoprogenitor cells

45
Q

Chondroblasts are derived from (2)

A

Mesenchymal cells within center of chondrification
OR
Chondrogenic cells of inner layer of perichondrium

46
Q

Chondroblast physical traits

  • Organelles
  • Mito
A

Lots of RER

Well developed Golgi apparatus

Lots of mito

Lots of secretory vessels

47
Q

T/F chondroblasts help with interstitial growth

A

T

48
Q

Chondrocyte physical appearance
Young
-Oraganelles
-Mito

Old

  • Organelles
  • Ribosomes
A

Young
lots RER
well developed Golgi apparatus
lots of mito

Old
Lower amounts of organelles
Lots of free ribosomes

49
Q

Chondrocytes and lacunae

-Dehydration

A

Chondrocytes are in lacunaes

If cell becomes dehydrated, cell pulls away from lacunae

White space, is lacunae (“shell”:

50
Q

Lavender haze surrounding chondrocyte nucles

A

cytoplasm

51
Q

Purpose of articular cartilage

A

Cushion

Histology (14 decks)

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