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urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system consists pf the following:

A

kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder

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2
Q

bean shaped organs,
each about the size of a
tightly clenched fist.

A

kidneys

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3
Q

the size of kidneys

A

11 cm long

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4
Q
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Extends from ____
A

T12-L3

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5
Q

A layer of connective tissue called the
____ surrounds each kidney

A

renal capsule

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6
Q

where renal artery and nerves enter and
renal vein, ureter and lymph vessels exit the kidney.

A

renal hilum

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7
Q

renal hilum is in what side of the kidney

A

medial side

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8
Q

The right kidney is___ than the left because it is crowded by the
right lobe of the liver.

A

lower

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9
Q

RENAL CAPSULE has 3 layers

A

Renal Fascia, Perirenal fat capsule, Fibrous capsule

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10
Q

Anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures

A

renal fascia

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11
Q

Cushions the kidney, prevents trauma, stabilize the
kidne

A

Perirenal fat capsule

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12
Q

Prevents the spread of infection

A

fibrous capsule

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13
Q

The hilum opens into a cavity called the _______, which
contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine, and adipose
tissue.

A

renal sinus

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14
Q

outer superficial region which is light-colored and granular in appearance

A

renal cortex

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15
Q

inner deep layer which is dark-colored and striped in appearance

A

renal medulla

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16
Q

coned shape tissue masses located between the cortex and medulla

A

renal pyramids

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17
Q

a collection of tubes and ducts that transport
fluid throughout the kidney and modify it into urine.

A

renal pyramids

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18
Q

separates the renal pyramids

A

renal columns

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19
Q

funnel-shaped structure which surround the tip of renal pyramid. The calyces
from all the renal pyramids join to form a larger funnel called renal pelvis.

A

renal calyces

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20
Q

Urine from several calyces is emptied
into a single, enlarged, funnel-shaped chamber called the

A

renal pelvis

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21
Q

Functional
unit of kidney.

A

nephron

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22
Q

About how many nephrons each kidney

A

1million

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23
Q

This is where urine
production/formation
happens

A

nephron

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24
Q

Extends from renal
cortex to calyces

A

Extends from renal
cortex to calyces

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25
Q

nephron consists of two parts

A
  1. Renal corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubules
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26
Q

located at the renal cortex, function to FILTER

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE

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27
Q

located partially at the renal cortex and mostly at the medulla

A

renal tubules

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28
Q

renal corpuscle, resembles as ball of yarn, fenestrated (pored)

A

glomerulus

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29
Q

renal corpuscle, encapsulates the glomerulus

A

Glomerular capsule

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30
Q

glomerular capsule is also called

A

bowman capsule

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31
Q

Nephrons are also named according to their location:
•_____ – Those in the renal cortex ( 85% of the nephrons)
•______ – Those in the renal medulla (15% of the nephrons)

A

cortical, Juxtamedullary

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32
Q

Cortical – accounts for
the ___of the
nephrons

A

85%

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33
Q

Juxtamedullary –
accounts for ____ of
the nephrons

A

15%

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34
Q

transports the blood to the glomerulus

A

AFFERENT ARTERIOLE

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35
Q

exchange of nutrients, will deliver the blood to the kidney.

A

GLOMERULUS (CAPILLARIES)

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36
Q

will transport the reabsorbed substances to the peritubular
capillary/vasa recta back to the heart.

A

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE

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37
Q

Urine is produced by three processes

A

filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

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38
Q

The movement of water, ions and small molecules through the filtration
membrane into Bowman’s capsule. Substances that cannot pass through the glomerulus
(blood cells and big proteins) will be transported to vasa recta for reabsorption.

A

filtration

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39
Q

portion of
plasma entering the
nephron.

A

filtrate

40
Q

Filtered substances is called as

A

filtrate

41
Q

location if filtration

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

42
Q

The movement of
substances from the
filtrate back into the
blood of the
peritubular capillaries.

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

43
Q

locations of tubular reabsorption

A
  1. Proximal
    Convoluted Tubule
  2. Nephron Loop
    (Descending and
    Ascending)
  3. Distal Convoluted
    Tubule
44
Q

Primary site of the reabsorption of solutes and water

A

REABSORPTION IN THE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE

45
Q

Location of REABSORPTION IN THE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE

A

renal cortex

46
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule is permeable to

A

water and solutes

47
Q

As solutes molecules are transported out of the
proximal convoluted tubule into the interstitial fluid,
water moves by osmosis in the same direction

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION (PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE)

48
Q

___of filtrate is reabsorbed. (REABSORPTION IN THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE)

A

65%

49
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION (PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE)

All of the reabsorbed substances go to the

A

peritubular capillaries

50
Q

REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (DESCENDING) location

A

Location: Renal Medulla

51
Q

Further concentrates the filtrate

A

REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (DESCENDING)

52
Q

_____ is permeable to water and semi-
permeable to solutes

A

Descending Loop

53
Q

How reabsorption takes place? As the filtrate passes through the descending limb into the
medulla, water moves out of the nephron by osmosis and some solutes moves into the
nephron by diffusion.

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION (NEPHRON LOOP: DESCENDING LOOP)

54
Q

Dilutes the filtrate by removing solutes.

A

REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)

55
Q

location , REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)

A

renal medulla

56
Q

is not permeable to water but
permeable to solute.

A

Ascending limb

57
Q

Solutes diffuse out of the nephron

A

REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)

58
Q

15 % is being reabsorbed in both descending and
ascending limbs.

A

REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)

59
Q

REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING), __ being reabsorbed in both descending and
ascending limbs

A

15%

60
Q

location, REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT

A

Renal Medulla – Renal Calyces

61
Q

As the filtrate enters the distal convoluted tubule, it
is more dilute than the interstitial fluid of the renal
cortex.

A

REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT

62
Q

__ of the original filtrate volume remains and ___of it is reabsorbed. (REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT)

A

20%, 19%

63
Q

in REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT, __ becomes urine

A

1%

64
Q

The active transport of solutes across the nephron
walls into the filtrate.

A

tubular secretion

65
Q

Useful for:
Disposing of substances, such as certain drugs and
metabolites, that are tightly bound to plasma proteins.

A

tubular secretion

66
Q

Eliminating undesirable substances or end products that
have been reabsorbed by passive processes.

A

tubular secretion

67
Q

useful for Ridding the body of excess potassium ions.

A

tubular secretion

68
Q

useful for Controlling blood pH.

A

tubular secretion

69
Q

color of urine

A

clear pale –
deep yellow (amber)

70
Q

odor of urine

A

aromatic

71
Q

ph lvl of urine

A

6.0

72
Q

specific gravity of urine

A

1.001-1.035

73
Q

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS of urine

A

üUrea
üUric Acid
üCreatinine
üSodium, Phosphate, ammonia

74
Q

REGULATION OF URINE
CONCENTRATION AND VOLUME
- Involves three major hormonal mechanisms:

A
  1. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism
  2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Mechanism
  3. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) Mechanism
75
Q

Both Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism and
the ANH mechanism are more sensitive to changes
in

A

blood pressure

76
Q

the ADH mechanism is
more sensitive to changes in

A

blood concentration

77
Q

↑ Water Reabsorption if, ↑ Blood-Solute Concentration

A

as a result ↓ Urine Output

78
Q

↓ Water Reabsorption if, ↓ Blood-Solute Concentration

A

as a result ↑ Urine Output

79
Q

↑ Water Reabsorption if, ↓Blood Volume and Blood Pressure, result will be

A

↓ Urine Output

80
Q

↓ Water Reabsorption if, ↑ Blood Volume and Blood Pressure

A

as a result ↑Urine Output

81
Q

To increase blood volume,

A

water inside the body must be conserved!

82
Q

↓ Water Reabsorption if, ↑ Blood Volume and Blood Pressure

A

as a result ↑Urine Output

83
Q

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism (RAA System)
A person gets hypotensive/low blood pressure à Stimulates the secretion of ___ from the
kidney - Stimulates the release of ______ - Converts into ______ - Converts into ______ - Stimulates the release of _____ from the
ADRENAL CORTEX.

A

renin, ANGIOTENSINOGEN, ANGIOTENSIN I, ANGIOTENSIN II , ALDOSTERONE

84
Q

↑ Aldosterone - ↑ Water Reabsorption

A

increase the
blood pressure of the person

85
Q

Increases the permeability of the distal convoluted
tubule and collecting duct, as a result, water reabsorption increases.

A

Antidiuretic Hormone Mechanism (ADH)

86
Q
  • Divided into right and left.
  • Small tubes that carry urine
    from renal pelvis of the
    kidney to the posterior
    portion of the urinary
    bladde
A

ureters

87
Q

A hollow muscular
container that lies
in the pelvic cavity
just posterior to the
pubic symphysis.

A

URINARY BLADDER

88
Q

Storage of urine

A

urinary bladder

89
Q

Trigone has how many openings

A

3

90
Q

Tube that exits the
urinary bladder
inferiorly and
anteriorly

A

URETHRA

91
Q

Has sphincters
(internal and
external)

A

urethra

92
Q

size of urethra in female

A

1 ½ inches

93
Q

size of urethra in male

A

6-8 inches

94
Q

Activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall.

A

MICTURITION REFLEX

95
Q

contain high
concentration of potassium ions, magnesium ions,
phosphate and sulfate than the extracellular
compartment

A

Intracellular Fluid Compartment

96
Q

contain high
concentration of sodium ions, calcium ions and
bicarbonate ions than the intracellular compartment.

A

Extracellular Fluid Compartment

Anaphy (15 decks)

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