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Anaphy > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

• Pulmonary Ventilation
• External Respiration
• Internal Respiration
• Gas Transport

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2
Q

moving in and out of air. Also called as breathing.

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

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3
Q

Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood vessels > RBC.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood vessels to the lungs

A

external respiration

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4
Q

Oxygen diffuses from blood vessels > RBC to tissues. Carbon
dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood vessles.

A

internal respiration

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5
Q

which is the movement of gases between
atmospheric air in the lungs and the blood

A

external respiration

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6
Q

which is the movement
of gases between the blood and the body
’s cells

A

internal respiration

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7
Q

Carbon dioxide and O2 travel in the blood to and from cells

A

gas transport

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8
Q

gas transportation of oxygen

A

Lungs – Blood Vessels – Tissues

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9
Q

gas transportation of carbon dioxide

A

Tissues – Blood Vessels– Lungs

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10
Q

The respiratory system can alter blood pH by changing blood CO2 levels.

A

Regulation of blood pH

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11
Q

Air moving past the vocal folds makes sound and speech possible

A

voice production

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12
Q

The sensation of smell occurs when airborne molecules are drawn into the nasal cavity

A

olfaction

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13
Q

The respiratory system provides protection against some microorganisms by preventing
them from entering the body and removing them from respiratory surfaces.

A

protection

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14
Q

Jutting external portion is supported by bone and cartilage.

A

nose

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15
Q

FUNCTIONS of nose
1. provides an airway for respiration
2. moistens and warms entering air
3. filters and cleans inspired air
4. serves as a resonating chamber for speech
5. houses the olfactory (smell) receptors

A
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16
Q

Parts of the External Nose, area between the eyebrows

A

Root

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17
Q

central/anteromedial portion

A

bridge and dorsum nasi

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18
Q

tip of the nose

A

apex

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19
Q

opening of the nose

A

nares

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20
Q

lateral portion of the nares

A

alae

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21
Q

Nose vary in size and shape primarily because of the differences in

A

nasal cartilage

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22
Q

The nose is mostly oily because it is studded with____ which produces ____

A

sebaceous gland, sebum

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23
Q

Parts of the Internal Nose

A

nasal septum, conchae/turbinates

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24
Q

separates the nasal cavity from right to left

A

Nasal Septum

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25
Q

ridges of the nasal cavity which function to filter, warm and moisture air.

A

Conchae/Turbinates

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26
Q

lighten the skull, act as a resonating chamber and made up of cilia to sweep away mucus out of the sinus

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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27
Q

Common passageway of both respiratory and digestive systems.
Approximately 13cm in length extending from the base of the skull to the sixth vertebrae.
Also known as “throat”

A

pharynx

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28
Q

pharynx is approximately ____ in length

A

13 cm

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29
Q

opening of the pharynx

A

choane

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30
Q

pharynx divided into three

A

–Nasopharynx
–Oropharynx
–Laryngopharynx

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31
Q

-Extends from choanae to
uvula.

A

Nasopharynx

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32
Q

air passageway only

A

nasopharynx

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33
Q

prevents swallowed materials from entering the nasopharynx and
nasal cavity. It pushes food and other materials toward the back of the pharynx.

A

soft palate and uvula

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34
Q

Extends from uvula to epiglottis to oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

35
Q

-Extends from epiglottis to
esophagus

A

LARYNGOPHARYNX

36
Q

food and air passageway

A

oropharynx, laryngopharynx

37
Q

action potential that will cause the uvula
and soft palate to move inferiorly to open the airway

A

sneeze reflex

38
Q

Photic Sneeze Reflex

A

also known as Autosomal-Dominant Compelling Helio Ophthalmic
Outburst

39
Q

•Located in the anterior throat and it connects
superiorly to the pharynx and inferiorly to the
trachea

A

larynx

40
Q

Approximately ___ cm extending from the 3rd cervical to the 6th cervical vertebrae.

A

5

41
Q

larynx has __ cartilage

A

9

42
Q

also known as voicebox

A

larynx

43
Q

unpaired cartilages of larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis

44
Q

paired cartilage of larynx

A

arytenoid
cartilages, corniculate cartilages, and cuneiform
cartilages

45
Q

o Largest and is attached to the hyoid bone
o Adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage

46
Q

Inferior to the thyroid
Forms the base of the larynx

A

Cricoid Cartilage

47
Q

constructed of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage

A

epiglottis

48
Q

Prevents food from entering the larynx.

A

epiglottis

49
Q

Vestibular Folds also known as

A

False Vocal Cords

50
Q

o No role in sound production

A

Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)

51
Q

When 2 false vocal cords come together, they prevent air from leaving the
lungs. (Hold breath)

A

Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)

52
Q

o Medial pair
o Glottis: opening
o Function to produce sound
o When talking, true vocal cords come together and produce vibration
(sound)

A

vocal folds

53
Q

Longer and Thicker Larynx

A

Slower Vibration – Deeper Voice/Low Pitch

54
Q

Shorter and Thinner Larynx

A

Faster Vibration – Higher Pitch

55
Q

Descends from the larynx through the neck and into the mediastinum. Consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle

A

trachea

56
Q

Located anterior to the
esophagus and spine

A

trachea

57
Q

•Consists of connective
tissue Has cartilage rings to help protect and support trachea from collapsing despite of the
pressure changes inside.

A

trachea (anterior)

58
Q

Smooth Muscle/Trachealis (located posteriorly)

A

for flexibility

59
Q

trachea has Has ____ C-shaped
cartilages

A

16-20

60
Q

The trachea is lined with pseudostratified columnar which is made up of cilia and goblet
cells (produces mucus). The_____ sweeps away the mucus produced by the goblet cells out
of the trachea.

A

cilia

61
Q

constant irritation of the trachea due to smoking, dust inhalation and the like,
pseudostratified columnar can be replaced by _____ which is not ciliated.

A

squamous epithelium

62
Q

The end of the trachea (tracheal bifurcation) is called as

A

carina

63
Q

•The trachea
divides into the left
and right bronchi,
each of which
connects to a lung.

A

bronchi

64
Q

bronchi The ___ is more horizontal because it is crowded by heart

A

left

65
Q

bronchi, The __ is wider, shorter and vertical.

A

right

66
Q

The trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called

A

main bronchi, or primary bronchi

67
Q

arise directly from the main bronchi. In the
lobar bronchi, the C-shaped cartilage rings are replaced with cartilage plates

A

Secondary Bronchi (Lobar bronchi)

68
Q

In the left lung,
there are ___ lobar bronchi.

A

2

69
Q

right lung, there are ___ lobar bronchi.

A

3

70
Q

supply subdivisions within each lung
lobe, which are called bronchopulmonary segments. As the bronchi become smaller, the cartilage
becomes sparse, and smooth muscle becomes more abundant

A

segmental bronchi, or tertiary bronchi,

71
Q

result from continued branching of the segmental bronchi. Bronchioles are
less than 1 mm in diameter and have less cartilage and more smooth muscle

A

bronchioles

72
Q

•Principal organs of respiration

A

lungs

73
Q

lung, resting on the diaphragm

A

base

74
Q

lungs, extending superiorly to a point about
2.5 cm above the clavicle

A

apex

75
Q

tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size

A

lung recoil

76
Q

important to reduce surface tension. Too much surface tension can lead to
lung collapse.

A

Surfactant

77
Q

Each lung is surrounded by a separate pleural cavity. Each pleural cavity is line with a
serous membrane called pleura

A
78
Q

lines chest wall, mediastinum and diaphragm.

A

Parietal Pleura

79
Q

lines the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

80
Q

produced by the pleural membranes that functions to act as a lubricant
and to help hold the pleural membrane together.

A

Pleural fluid

81
Q

the site of gas exchange

A

alveoli

82
Q

Process of measuring volumes of air that moves into and out of the respiratory tract.

A

SPIROMETRY

83
Q

gas exchange, inhalation (atmospheric air) - PO2 (_____) - PCO2 (_____)

A

160mm Hg, 0.3mm Hg

84
Q

gas exchange, alveolar air - PO2 (_____), PCO2 (______)

A

104mm Hg, 40mm Hg

Anaphy (15 decks)

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