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1 Flashcards

1
Q

two major tissue layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

the uppermost layer and it prevents water loss and resist abrasion

A

epidermis

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3
Q

10-20 times thicker than epidermis
and provides most of the skin’s structural strength

A

Dermis

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4
Q

made up
of a loose connective tissue that contains
about half the body’s stored fat. Adipose tissue
in this layer Function as padding and insulation

A

hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue

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5
Q

made up of stratified squamous
epithelium.

A

epidermis

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6
Q

The main cells of the epidermis
are the

A

keratinocytes

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7
Q

Keratinocyte originate in the basal
layer and undergo

A

Keratinization

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8
Q

It is the process where in the
newly formed cells experience
development when these cells
are pushed from the base layers
to the surface.

A

keratinization

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9
Q

epidermis of the skin consists of how many layers?

A

five

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10
Q

The layers of the epidermis are called _____

A

Strata

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11
Q

Layers of epidermis from deepest to superficial

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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12
Q

stratum spinosum mostly consists of ______ held together by sticky proteins called ______

A

keratinocyte ; desmosomes

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13
Q

This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes
held together by sticky proteins called
desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

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14
Q

partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility. It contains Langerhans cells
(epidermal immune cells)

A

Stratum spinosum

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15
Q

The stratum spinosum is
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility. It contains_________

A

Langerhans cells
(epidermal immune cells)

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16
Q

The stratum spinosum is
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility. It contains_________

A

Langerhans cells
(epidermal immune cells)

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17
Q

Consist of single layer of cuboidal cells in
contact with the basement membrane that
undergo mitosis. It contains the keratinocyte
stem cells, and melanocytes

A

stratum basale

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18
Q

stratum basale consist of single layer of cuboidal cells in contact with the basement membrane that
undergo mitosis. It contains the ______, _______ , and _________

A

keratinocyte, stem cells, melanocytes

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19
Q

It is where Keratin is packaged in keratohyaline granules. The keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they become filled with keratin. The keratinocytes become flatter, more brittle, and lose their nuclei

A

stratum granulosum

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20
Q

stratum granulosum is where Keratin is packaged in ___________. The keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they become filled with keratin. The keratinocytes become flatter, more brittle, and lose their nuclei

A

keratohyaline granules

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21
Q

The keratinocytes in this layer also produce
lipids and natural moisturizing factor (NMF)

A

stratum granulosum

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22
Q

Once the keratinocytes leave the stratum
granulosum, they die and help form the

A

stratum lucidum

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23
Q

thin, transparent
layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less
round and have a flatter shape.

A

stratum lucidum

24
Q

This thin layer of cells is found only in the
thick skin on the palms of your hands and
fingers and the soles of your feet.

A

stratum lucidum

25
Q

Consist of 25 or more layers of dead
squamous cells filled with keratin.
Keratinocytes become corneocytes. This layer
is also coated and surrounded by lipids, which
help prevent fluid loss.

A

stratum corneum

26
Q

The entire stratum corneum layer is replaced
with new cells in a process known as

A

desquamation

27
Q

Made up of dense collagenous connective tissue with fewer fats cells.

A

Dermis

28
Q

Nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend
to the_______

A

dermis

29
Q

_____ and _________ are responsible for the structural strength of the
dermis.

A

collagen and elastic fibers

30
Q

_________ of the dermis
are oriented in many different
locations called cleavage or
tension lines

A

Collagen fibers

31
Q

The skin is more resistant to
stretch along this lines

A

cleavage or
tension lines

32
Q

overstretching of the skin that causes damage to the dermis

A

striae or stretch marks

33
Q

The upper part of the Dermis has projections called __________ which extends towards the epidermis.

A

dermal papillae

34
Q

Dermal papillae in the palms
of the hands and soles of the
foot and tips of the digits are
in parallel and curving ridges

A

friction ridges

35
Q

molecule is the group of pigment
primarily responsible for skin eyes and hair
pigment.

A

melanin

36
Q

produced by melanocyte

A

melanin

37
Q

golgi apparatus of the melanocytes package
melanin into vesicles called _________

A

melanosomes

38
Q

Melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through ______

A

phagocytosis

39
Q

Melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through ______

A

phagocytosis

40
Q

______ production is determined by: genetic factors, exposure to light and
hormone

A

melanin

41
Q

A decrease in blood oxygen
produces a bluish
discoloration termed as

A

cyanosis

42
Q

are congenital
disorders of the blood vessels in
the dermis.

A

birthmarks

43
Q

Each ______ arises form a hair follicle. The shaft of the hair protrudes above the surface of the skin , whereas the root and are below the
surface. The hair bulb is the
expanded base of the root

A

hair

44
Q

associated with each hair follicle are smooth
muscle cells called

A

arrector pili muscle.

45
Q

two forms of melanin are
found in human hair

A

eumelanin and pheomelanin

46
Q

is the dominant
pigment in brown hair and
black

A

eumelanin

47
Q

is the dominant pigment in red
hair.

A

pheomelanin

48
Q

hair exists in a variety of textures caused by the condition of _______

A

hair follicle

49
Q

simple branched acinar glands which produced
sebum mostly connected to the superficial part of the hair follicle.

A

sebaceous Gland

50
Q

–coiled tubular glands that produces
sweat which is vital for regulating
human body temperature.

A

Sweat Glands/Suderiferous

51
Q

2 types pf sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine

52
Q

Produce
secretion(water with few salts)
that open directly to th

A

eccrine sweat

53
Q

produced thick secretion
rich in organic substances.
______ open into the hair
follicles, but only in the armpit and
genitalia.

A

apocrine

54
Q

-A thin plate, consisting of
dead stratum corneum cells
that contains very hard type
of keratin
- grow continuously and
do not have resting stage

A

nails

55
Q

An injury to the tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity or by
radiation.

A

burns

56
Q

Most common type of cancer, and it is mostly associated with exposure
to UV light from the sun.

A

skin cancer

57
Q

Three main type of Skin cancer

A
  1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (most frequent)
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Malignant melanoma (rare form)

Anaphy (15 decks)

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