1 Flashcards
two major tissue layers of the skin
epidermis and dermis
the uppermost layer and it prevents water loss and resist abrasion
epidermis
10-20 times thicker than epidermis
and provides most of the skin’s structural strength
Dermis
made up
of a loose connective tissue that contains
about half the body’s stored fat. Adipose tissue
in this layer Function as padding and insulation
hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue
made up of stratified squamous
epithelium.
epidermis
The main cells of the epidermis
are the
keratinocytes
Keratinocyte originate in the basal
layer and undergo
Keratinization
It is the process where in the
newly formed cells experience
development when these cells
are pushed from the base layers
to the surface.
keratinization
epidermis of the skin consists of how many layers?
five
The layers of the epidermis are called _____
Strata
Layers of epidermis from deepest to superficial
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
stratum spinosum mostly consists of ______ held together by sticky proteins called ______
keratinocyte ; desmosomes
This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes
held together by sticky proteins called
desmosomes
stratum spinosum
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility. It contains Langerhans cells
(epidermal immune cells)
Stratum spinosum
The stratum spinosum is
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility. It contains_________
Langerhans cells
(epidermal immune cells)
The stratum spinosum is
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility. It contains_________
Langerhans cells
(epidermal immune cells)
Consist of single layer of cuboidal cells in
contact with the basement membrane that
undergo mitosis. It contains the keratinocyte
stem cells, and melanocytes
stratum basale
stratum basale consist of single layer of cuboidal cells in contact with the basement membrane that
undergo mitosis. It contains the ______, _______ , and _________
keratinocyte, stem cells, melanocytes
It is where Keratin is packaged in keratohyaline granules. The keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they become filled with keratin. The keratinocytes become flatter, more brittle, and lose their nuclei
stratum granulosum
stratum granulosum is where Keratin is packaged in ___________. The keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they become filled with keratin. The keratinocytes become flatter, more brittle, and lose their nuclei
keratohyaline granules
The keratinocytes in this layer also produce
lipids and natural moisturizing factor (NMF)
stratum granulosum
Once the keratinocytes leave the stratum
granulosum, they die and help form the
stratum lucidum
thin, transparent
layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less
round and have a flatter shape.
stratum lucidum
This thin layer of cells is found only in the
thick skin on the palms of your hands and
fingers and the soles of your feet.
stratum lucidum
Consist of 25 or more layers of dead
squamous cells filled with keratin.
Keratinocytes become corneocytes. This layer
is also coated and surrounded by lipids, which
help prevent fluid loss.
stratum corneum
The entire stratum corneum layer is replaced
with new cells in a process known as
desquamation
Made up of dense collagenous connective tissue with fewer fats cells.
Dermis
Nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend
to the_______
dermis
_____ and _________ are responsible for the structural strength of the
dermis.
collagen and elastic fibers
_________ of the dermis
are oriented in many different
locations called cleavage or
tension lines
Collagen fibers
The skin is more resistant to
stretch along this lines
cleavage or
tension lines
overstretching of the skin that causes damage to the dermis
striae or stretch marks
The upper part of the Dermis has projections called __________ which extends towards the epidermis.
dermal papillae
Dermal papillae in the palms
of the hands and soles of the
foot and tips of the digits are
in parallel and curving ridges
friction ridges
molecule is the group of pigment
primarily responsible for skin eyes and hair
pigment.
melanin
produced by melanocyte
melanin
golgi apparatus of the melanocytes package
melanin into vesicles called _________
melanosomes
Melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through ______
phagocytosis
Melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through ______
phagocytosis
______ production is determined by: genetic factors, exposure to light and
hormone
melanin
A decrease in blood oxygen
produces a bluish
discoloration termed as
cyanosis
are congenital
disorders of the blood vessels in
the dermis.
birthmarks
Each ______ arises form a hair follicle. The shaft of the hair protrudes above the surface of the skin , whereas the root and are below the
surface. The hair bulb is the
expanded base of the root
hair
associated with each hair follicle are smooth
muscle cells called
arrector pili muscle.
two forms of melanin are
found in human hair
eumelanin and pheomelanin
is the dominant
pigment in brown hair and
black
eumelanin
is the dominant pigment in red
hair.
pheomelanin
hair exists in a variety of textures caused by the condition of _______
hair follicle
simple branched acinar glands which produced
sebum mostly connected to the superficial part of the hair follicle.
sebaceous Gland
–coiled tubular glands that produces
sweat which is vital for regulating
human body temperature.
Sweat Glands/Suderiferous
2 types pf sweat glands
Eccrine and apocrine
Produce
secretion(water with few salts)
that open directly to th
eccrine sweat
produced thick secretion
rich in organic substances.
______ open into the hair
follicles, but only in the armpit and
genitalia.
apocrine
-A thin plate, consisting of
dead stratum corneum cells
that contains very hard type
of keratin
- grow continuously and
do not have resting stage
nails
An injury to the tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity or by
radiation.
burns
Most common type of cancer, and it is mostly associated with exposure
to UV light from the sun.
skin cancer
Three main type of Skin cancer
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (most frequent)
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma (rare form)
