joints

Question 1

Articulations commonly named according to the bones or portions of bones that join together.

Answer 1

joints

Question 2

The Greek or Latin equivalent term for the elbow joint.

Answer 2

cubital

Question 3

Structural Classification of Joints

Answer 3

Joints are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial based on the major connective tissue type that binds the bones

Question 4

Functional Categories of Joints

Answer 4

Synarthroses (nonmovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly movable), Diarthroses (freely movable).

Question 5

Joints united by fibrous connective tissue, exhibiting little or no movement.

Answer 5

fibrous joints

Question 6

Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull.

Answer 6

Sutures

Question 7

Wide sutures in newborns that allow flexibility during birth and head growth.

Answer 7

Fontanels

Question 8

Fibrous joints where bones are separated by some distance and held together by ligaments

Answer 8

Syndesmoses

Question 9

Joints consisting of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments, such as the joint between a tooth and its socket.

Answer 9

Gomphoses

Question 10

Joints that hold two bones together by a pad of cartilage and exhibit little or no movement.

Answer 10

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 11

Cartilaginous joints containing hyaline cartilage.

Answer 11

Synchondroses

Question 12

Cartilaginous joints containing fibrocartilage.

Answer 12

Symphyses

Question 13

Joints that contain synovial fluid and allow considerable movement between articulating bones.

Answer 13

Synovial Joints

Question 14

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones within synovial joints

Answer 14

Articular Cartilage

Question 15

A crescent-shaped fibrocartilage pad in some synovial joints, which helps improve stability.

Answer 15

Meniscus

Question 16

The space around the articular surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid.

Answer 16

Joint Cavity

Question 17

The structure that surrounds a synovial joint, consisting of an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane.

Answer 17

Joint Capsule

Question 18

The outer layer of the joint capsule made of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 18

Fibrous Capsule

Question 19

The inner layer of the joint capsule that lines the joint cavity and produces synovial fluid.

Answer 19

Synovial Membrane

Question 20

A viscous lubricating fluid that covers joint surfaces, composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and cells.

Answer 20

Synovial Fluid

Question 21

A pocket or sac containing synovial fluid that provides cushioning between structures in a joint.

Answer 21

bursa

Question 22

Inflammation of a bursa, which may cause pain around the joint and restrict movement.

Answer 22

Bursitis

Question 23

Articular cartilage receives nutrients through

Answer 23

diffusion from blood vessels at the peripheral margin, as it lacks blood vessels.

Question 24

Provides a smooth surface for joint movement and absorbs shock during activity.

Answer 24

Articular Cartilage

Question 25

Consists of an outer fibrous layer (fibrous capsule) and an inner synovial membrane, enclosing the joint.

Answer 25

Joint Capsule

Question 26

Provides strength and stability to the joint; thickened portions form ligaments.

Answer 26

fibrous capsule

Question 27

Lubricates the joint surfaces, nourishes the articular cartilage, and reduces friction during movement.

Answer 27

synovial fluid

Question 28

Lines the joint cavity, secretes synovial fluid, and helps maintain joint health.

Answer 28

Synovial Membrane Functions

Question 29

Classified according to the shape of the adjoining articular surfaces. Six types: plane, saddle, hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, and ellipsoid.

Answer 29

Synovial Joints

Question 30

Described as uniaxial (movement around one axis), biaxial (two axes at right angles), or multiaxial (several axes).

Answer 30

Movements at Synovial Joints

Question 31

Plane Joint also known as

Answer 31

gliding joint

Question 32

Consists of two flat bone surfaces of about equal size allowing slight gliding motion. Considered uniaxial, as some rotation is possible but limited by ligaments and adjacent bone.

Answer 32

Plane Joint (Gliding Joint)

Question 33

Contains two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles, allowing complementary surfaces to articulate. Biaxial joint.

Answer 33

saddle joint

Question 34

A uniaxial joint where a convex cylinder in one bone fits into a corresponding concavity in another bone, allowing movement in one plane.

Answer 34

Hinge Joint

Question 35

A uniaxial joint that restricts movement to rotation around a single axis. Composed of a cylindrical bony process rotating within a ring of bone and ligament.

Answer 35

Pivot Joint

Question 36

Consists of a ball (head) at the end of one bone that fits into a socket in an adjacent bone. Multiaxial joint, allowing a wide range of movement in almost any direction.

Answer 36

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Question 37

A modified ball-and-socket joint with articular surfaces that are ellipsoid in shape. Biaxial, limiting movement almost to a hinge motion in two axes and restricting rotation.

Answer 37

Ellipsoid Joint (Condyloid Joint)

Question 38

Consists of two pairs of bones (scapula and clavicle) that attach each upper limb to the body.

Answer 38

Pectoral Girdle

Question 39

Also known as the shoulder blade; a flat, triangular bone with key features

Answer 39

Scapula

Question 40

Large projection at the tip of the shoulder.

Answer 40

Acromion Process

Question 41

Extends across the posterior surface

Answer 41

Scapular Spine

Question 42

Smaller projection for muscle attachment.

Answer 42

Coracoid Process

Question 43

Articulates with the head of the humerus.

Answer 43

Glenoid Cavity

Question 44

Also known as the collarbone; a long bone with a slight S-shaped curve.

Answer 44

Clavicle

Question 45

Holds the upper limb away from the body, facilitating mobility.

Answer 45

Clavicle

Question 46

The only bone in the arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

Answer 46

Humerus