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Anaphy > axial bones ppt > Flashcards

axial bones ppt Flashcards

1
Q

total bones of axial

A

80

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2
Q

Axial skeleton are composed of the following bones

A

• Skull
• Auditory Ossicles
• Hyoid Bone
• Vertebrae
• Thoracic Cage

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3
Q

The bone markings are classified into three (3)
namely:

A

✓ ARTICULATING
✓ NON - ARTICULATING
✓ DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS

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4
Q

enlarged end

A

head

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5
Q

smooth rounded articular surface

A

condyle

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6
Q

smooth flattened surface

A

facet

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7
Q

knob/enlargement

A

Tuberosity

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8
Q

prominent projection

A

process

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9
Q

prominent ridge

A

crest

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10
Q

small rounded projection

A

tubercle

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11
Q

elongated ridge

A

line

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12
Q

opening/hole

A

foramen

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13
Q

depression

A

fossa

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14
Q

tunnel-like opening

A

meatus

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15
Q

cleft

A

fissure

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16
Q

cavity

A

sinus

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17
Q

The skull has ____ bones

A

22

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18
Q

The skull has 22 bones
and is divided into two
parts:

A

a) Calvarium/Cranium
b) Cranial base/ Facial
bones

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19
Q

Forms forehead, superior part of orbits, and most of the anterior cranial fossa;
contains sinuses

A

frontal bone

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20
Q

✓ Squamous
✓ Supraorbital Margins
✓ Supraorbital Foramen
✓ Glabella

A

frontal bone

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21
Q

forehead, the most anterior part of the frontal
area

A

squamous

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22
Q

thickened part which lie under the eyebrows. This is where the forehead ends.

A

Supraorbital margin

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23
Q

passageway of supraorbital artery and nerves

A

supraorbital foramen

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24
Q

Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull

A

parietal bones

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25
Q

interlocking
joints of the skull.

A

sutures

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26
Q

✓ Coronal Suture
✓ Lambdoid Suture
✓ Squamous Suture
✓ Sagittal Suture

A

parietal bones

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27
Q

joint between the parietal and frontal bone.

A

coronal suture

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28
Q

joint between the parietal and occipital bone.

A

lamboid suture

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29
Q

joint between the parietal and
temporal bone

A

squamous suture

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30
Q

joint between two parietal bones.

A

sagittal suture

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31
Q

Form inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute
to the middle cranial fossa

A

temporal bones

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32
Q

Best viewed on lateral position

A

TEMPORAL BONES

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33
Q

temporal bones has 3 major parts

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Tympanic
  3. Petrous
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34
Q

✓ Zygomatic Process
✓ Zygomatic Arch
✓ Mandibular fossa + Condylar Process
(mandible) = Temporomandibular Joint

A

TEMPORAL BONE- SQUAMOUS

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35
Q

when the zygomatic process of the temporal bone meets the zygomatic bone, it forms an arch.

A

Zygomatic Arch

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36
Q

condylar process of the
mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa

A

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

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37
Q

✓ EAM - External
Acoustic Meatus

A

TEMPORAL BONE- TYMPANIC

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38
Q

through which the sound enters
the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.

A

External Auditory Meatus

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39
Q

through which the sound enters
the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.

A

External Auditory Meatus

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40
Q

supports the temporal brain

A

Middle cranial fossa

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41
Q

passageway of the jugular vein

A

jugular foramen

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42
Q

Transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial
cavity

A

Carotid canal

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43
Q

between petrous temporal and sphenoid. Most
medial portion

A

foramen lacerum

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44
Q

transmits cranial nerves

A

internal acoustic meatus

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45
Q

which acts as an anchoring site for some neck muscles. Can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear. This
has many air cavities called “mastoid air cells”

A

mastoid process

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46
Q

needle like process which is not just for neck attachment but also for tongue muscles.

A

styloid process

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47
Q

allows passage of the maxillary division of cranial nerve V.

A

Foramen Rotundum

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48
Q

allows passage of the mandibular division of cranial
nerve V

A

Foramen Ovale

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49
Q

allows passage of the middle meningeal
artery.

A

Foramen Spinosum

50
Q

✓ Jugular Foramen
✓ Foramen Lacerum
✓ Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

TEMPORAL BONE- PETROUS

51
Q

✓ Foramen Rotundum
✓ Foramen Ovale
✓ Foramen Spinosum

A

TEMPORAL BONE- PETROUS

52
Q

✓ Mastoid Process
✓ Styloid Process

A

TEMPORAL BONE- PETROUS

53
Q

supports the cerebellum

A

Posterior cranial fossa

54
Q

largest foramen of the skull, spinal cord passes through.

A

foramen magnum

55
Q

located on each lateral side of the foramen magnum. This is where C1 articulates.

A

.Occipital condyles

56
Q

Most bulging part of the
posterior skull.

A

External occipital protuberance

57
Q

Forms posterior aspect and most of the base of the skull

A

OCCIPITAL BONE

58
Q

✓ Posterior Cranial Fossa
✓ Foramen Magnum

A

occipital bone

59
Q

✓ Occipital Condyles
✓ External Occipital Protuberance

A

OCCIPITAL BONE

60
Q

Keystone of the cranium; contributes to the middle cranial fossa and orbits;

A

SPHENOID BONE

61
Q

✓ Body
✓ Hypophyseal Fossa of Sella Turcica

A

SPHENOID BONE

62
Q

which forms the center of the
sphenoid bone.

A

body of the sphenoid

63
Q

houses the
pituitary gland
SKULL: CALVARIUM

A

Hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica

64
Q

✓ Lesser Wing
✓ Greater Wing
✓ Pterygoid Process

A

SPHENOID BONE

65
Q

medial process, horn-like

A

lesser wing

66
Q

projects laterally

A

greater wing

67
Q

interior portion, which serves as an attachment for pterygoid muscles for chewing

A

Pterygoid process

68
Q

Helps to form the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral
walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit

A

ETHMOID BONE

69
Q

✓ Cribriform Plate
✓ Crista Galli
✓ Perpendicular Plate

A

ETHMOID BONE

70
Q

helps form the root of the nasal cavities and floor of the anterior cranial fossa

A

Cribriform plate

71
Q

the dura matter, specifically the falx cerebri of the brain is attached to this structure to help secure the
brain in the cranial cavity

A

Crista galli

72
Q

inferior portion, which divides the nasal cavity from right to left.

A

Perpendicular plate

73
Q

The lower jaw

A

mandible

74
Q

✓ Paired Rami
✓ Mandibular Angle
✓ Body of Mandible
✓ Condylar Process

A

mandible

75
Q

✓ Coronoid Process
✓ Mandibular Foramen
✓ Mental foramen

A

mandible

76
Q

Between each ramus and the body of mandible is a formed angle known as mandibular angle.

A

paired rami

77
Q

articulate with the temporal bones in the TMJ of the jaw.

A

Condylar processes

78
Q

insertion points for the temporalis
muscle

A

Coronoid processes

79
Q

permit the inferior alveolar nerves to pass.

A

Mandibular foramina

80
Q

allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to the chin and lower lip.

A

Mental foramina

81
Q

Form the upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls

A

maxilla

82
Q

✓ Anterior Nasal Spine
✓ Infraorbital Foramen

A

maxilla

83
Q

bony projection located at the
midline of the maxilla (upper jaw) at the lower end of the
nasal cavity.

A

Anterior Nasal Spine

84
Q

allows passage of the the
infraorbital nerve to the skin of face.

A

Infraorbital Foramen

85
Q

Form the cheeks and part of the orbits

A

zygoma

86
Q

articulations of zygoma

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Frontal Bone
  3. Temporal Bone
87
Q

Form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bone

88
Q

Nasal bone ARTICULATIONS

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Frontal Bone
  3. Perpendicular plate
89
Q

Form part of the medial orbit wall

A

LACRIMAL BONE

90
Q

houses the lacrimal sac, which helps to
drain the tears into the nasal cavity.

A

Lacrimal fossa

91
Q

Form posterior part of the hard palate and a small part of nasal cavity and orbit
walls

A

PALATINE BONE

92
Q

medial fusion point of the
horizontal plates of the palatine bones which form the
posterior part of the hard palate

A

Median palatine suture

93
Q

Inferior part of the nasal septum

A

vomer

94
Q

unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate
directly with any other bone.

A

hyoid bone

95
Q

Three bones in the middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the
human body.

A

AUDITORY OSSICLES

96
Q

✓ Malleus
✓ Incus
✓ Stapes

A

AUDITORY OSSICLES

97
Q

✓ Backbone
✓ 33 bones(infant)
✓ 26 bones (adult)
✓ 5 regions
• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacral (1-5)
• Coccygeal (1-4)

A

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

98
Q

1.Cervical Lordosis (Concave)
2.Thoracic Kyphosis (Convex)
3.Lumbar Lordosis (Concave)
4.Sacral Kyphosis (Convex)

A

curves

99
Q

Each vertebra consists of a _____, or ______, anteriorly and a __________ posteriorly. The disc-shaped body is the weight- bearing
region.

A

body, centrum, vertebral arch

100
Q

flattened plates that fuse in the median plane, complete
the arch posteriorly.

A

laminae

101
Q

short bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral
body, form the sides of the arch.

A

Pedicles

102
Q

median posterior projection arising at the junction
of the two laminae.

A

Spinous process

103
Q

extends laterally from each side of the vertebral
arch.

A

Transverse process

104
Q

protrude superiorly and
inferiorly respectively from the pedicle.

A

.Superior and inferior articular facet

105
Q

✓ Body: None
✓ No spinous
process
✓ Has superior
articular
facets
✓ “YES”

A

CERVICAL – ATLAS(C1)

106
Q

✓ Not as
specialized as
atlas
✓ Unique
feature:
knoblike
dens

A

CERVICAL SPINE – AXIS (C2)

107
Q

✓ Body: Oval
✓ Spinous process
is short and bifid
✓ Vertebral
foramen is
triangular
✓ C7-palpable

A

CERVICAL SPINE – C3-C7

108
Q

✓ Body: Heart
shaped
✓ Long and sharp
spinous process
✓ Demifacets
(Costal Facets)
✓ Transverse
process
✓ Vertebral foramen
is round

A

THORACIC SPINE: T1-T12

109
Q

✓ Body: Massive
kidney -shaped
✓ Short and flat
spinous process
✓ Pedicles and laminae
are thicker and
shorter
✓ Transverse process
✓ Vertebral foramen is
triangular

A

LUMBAR SPINE: L1-L5

110
Q

Atlas + Occipital condyles

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

111
Q

Atlas + Axis

A

Atlanto-axial joint

112
Q

Superior articulating facet + Inferior
articulating facet

A

Zygapophyseal joint

113
Q

Protects the vital organs in the thorax

A

THORACIC CAGE

114
Q

Elements of the thoracic cage include the
thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, the ribs
laterally, and the sternum and costal
cartilages anteriorly.

A

THORACIC CAGE

115
Q

includes the manubrium, body of sternum, and the xiphoid process. It lies in the anterior midline of the thorax.

A

Sternum (breastbone)

116
Q

consists of 24 pairs

A

ribs

117
Q

first to seventh pair

A

true ribs

118
Q

seventh to twelfth pair. The eleventh and twelfth pairs
are specifically considered as floating ribs.

A

false ribs

119
Q

• Ribs + Vertebrae

A

Costovertebral joints

120
Q

Ribs + Costal cartilages

A

Costochondral joints

121
Q

Sternum + Costal cartilages

A

Sternochondral joints

122
Q

False ribs costal cartilages

A

Interchondral joints

Anaphy (15 decks)

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