Urinary Flashcards
Organ that cleanses the blood of waste products
-Responsible for forming urine and filtering waste products out of the blood
-Lima bean shaped
-Renal cortex: outer layer
-Renal medulla: inner portion
-Nephrons: microscopic structures that function in filtration process
-Glomerulus: a cluster of capillaries around the renal tube
Kidneys
Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
Saclike organ that collects and stores urine
Urinary bladder
Passageway for urine to exit the body through
Urethra
Abnormal development of tissue
Dysplasia
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body
Hypoplasia
A toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine
-Associated with strong odor and sometimes yellow discoloration
-High levels of nitrogenous waste
-Dehydration and edema commonly associated
Uremia
Blood and protein in the urine with salt and water retention in the body
-May be caused by strep throat, a skin infection, hepatitis, diabetes, or IV drug use
-Acute at first but may progress into chronic
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated changes:
1. Anatomical
2. Physiological
- Anatomical
-Number of cells in glomerulus increase
-Immune cells gather in the glomerulus
-Capillary walls in glomerulus thicken - Physiological
-Excess protein in urine
-Blood in urine
Edema
-High blood pressure
Inflammation of the nephrons of the kidney
-Caused by renal infection
-May migrate from the bladder
-Usually acute
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and calyces of the kidneys
-Commonly known as kidney infections
-Commonly a bacterial infection that has traveled from the urethra to the bladder to the ureters
Pyelitis
Distention of the renal pelvis with urine as a result of obstruction
-Occurs as part of another condition, it is NOT a disease itself
-May involve one or both kidneys
Hydronephrosis
One or more kidney stones in the urinary system
-Commonly occurs when kidney stones are present
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
-Usually occur due to over concentrated urine
-Recurrence is common
Renal calculi
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
-Interstitial ___ is a form that includes the bladder and the surrounding pelvic region
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urethra
-Commonly referred to as a urinary tract infection (UIT)
-Significantly more common in women
Urethritis
Disorder in which the normal renal tissue is replaced with clusters of cysts
-Can cause kidneys to become enlarged
-Enlarged kidneys may compress nephrons
Polycystic kindneys
Kidneys are smaller than normal
-May not be able to function properly beyond childhood
Hypoplasia
Abnormal tissue development in the kidney
-May affect one or both kidneys
Dysplasia
Loss of function of the kidneys due to a sudden drop in blood pressure
-Drop in blood pressure is due to trauma, surgery complication, septic shock, hemorrhage, burns, dehydration, a blockage in the renal artery, or an infection
-Reversible
Acute renal failure
Progressive loss of function of the kidneys
-Usually irreversible
-May progress to a fatal stage
-Results in accumulation of fluid and waste products in the blood which results in uremia
-May be the result of another disease
Chronic renal failure
