Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path II > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

“Master gland” of the body that tells other glands to release their respective hormones
-On the sela turcica on the sphenoid bone

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions in controlling metabolism and regulating body functions like breathing and heart rate
-Located in the neck

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Regulate calcium levels
-Located on the posterior surface of the thyroid

A

Parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Create hormones that control heart rate, blood pressure, immune system function, and other both functions
-Located on the superior surface of each kidney

A

Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions in regulating blood glucose levels (Islets of Langerhans specifically) secreting digestive enzymes
-Located on the abdominal wall posterior to the stomach

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions in immune system
-Located behind the sternum

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Produce melatonin (function in regulating sleep/ wake cycle)
-Located in the brain

A

Pineal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metabolic disorder in which carbohydrates are not broken down into sugars properly because of a lack of insulin
-Can lead to blindness, carbuncles and ulcers of the feet and legs, renal failure and cardiac disorders
-Type ___: insulin dependent diabetes (pancreas does not make insulin)
-Type ___: non insulin dependent diabetes(pancreas does not make enough insulin and the body develops a level of resistance to insulin and the body can’t keep sugar levels regulated

A

Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland after ossification has completed
-Chronic disease causing an overproduction of human growth hormone (most adult cases are benign tumor in pituitary gland)
-Causes elongation and enlargement of the bones of the extremities and the head
-Appears slowly over time

A

Acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An excessive growth of unossified bones due to overproduction of human growth hormones
-Begins in childhood

A

Giantism (gigantism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stunted growth caused by an insufficient production of human growth hormone (associated with pituitary gland)

A

Dwarfism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An inability of the kidneys to conserve water because of an inability of the pituitary gland to properly release antidiuretic hormone
-Caused by damage to the pituitary gland (surgery, infection, tumors, injuries, or kidney complications)

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Under active thyroid gland

A

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism resulting in developmental disabilities
-Occurs in infants and children
-Causes mental and physical developmental issues and lowered metabolism

A

Cretinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non congenital hypothyroidism
-Usually the result of an iodine deficiency
-Usually refers to hypothyroidism in adults but can refer to children as well
-Associated with waxy and thick skin, edema, slow speech, and mental apathy

A

Myxedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Overactive thyroid disease

A

Hyperthyroidism

17
Q

Autoimmune hyperthyroidism
-Antibodies stimulate the growth of the thyroid gland
-May cause the eyes to protrude

A

Grave’s disease

18
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland
-Not associated with inflammation or cancer
-Due to a lack of iodine in the diet usually
-Most common in countries that do not add iodine to their salt (endemic ___)
-Sporadic goiters do not have a known cause

A

Goiter

19
Q

Underproduction of parathyroid hormone
-Causes numbness of extremities/ the mouth, muscle cramps, and depression

A

Hypoparathyroidism

20
Q

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone
-Causes weakness, weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy, GI problems, and pancreatitis

A

Hyperparathyroidism

21
Q

Underproduction of cortisol and/ or aldosterone
-Rare disorder
-Often autoimmune condition but may also be associated with cancer, fungal infections, or tuberculosis
-Results in a bronze discoloration in people of a lighter complexion and white patches on the skin in people of a darker complexion
-Other symptoms include muscle weakness, weight loss, pain in the back/ abdomen/ legs, and nausea

A

Addison’s disease

22
Q

Overproduction of cortisol hormone
-Iatrogenic (due to chronic glucocorticoid hormone therapy) or due to tumors of the adrenal or pituitary glands
-Associated conditions included “moon face”, obesity in the upper body, mental issues in children, purple stretch marks, almost translucent skin, muscle weakness, easy bruising, high blood pressure, excessive facial hair, balding (F), destruction of bone tissue, and fungal infections

A

Cushin syndrome

23
Q

Inability of the adrenal glands to secrete enough corticosteroids
-Usually affects children
-Usually progresses quickly (septic bact infection leading to cardiovascular collapse then death)
-Causes congestion in blood vessels, low platelets, blood clotting issues, hemorrhaging, petechia, and necrosis

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Path II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions