Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path II > Cardiovascular disorders > Flashcards

Cardiovascular disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Deepest layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscle layer between endocardium and epicardium
-Coronary arteries feed blood to this tissue

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Visceral (deepest layer) and Parietal (outer layer) layers of the heart

A

Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac

A

Hydropericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Excess of blood in an area of the body

A

Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase in size of cells composing it

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply

A

Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reduction in arterial blood supply

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot

A

Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Failure of a heart valve to close tightly, thus allowing regurgitation of blood

A

Valvular insufficiency (incompetence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The condition of the heart being enlarged due to stretching as a result of disease
-Often occurs due to the heart overfilling with blood
-May result in damage to the valves or the cardiac septum which may lead to a back flow of blood

A

Dilatation (dilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enlargement of the heat due to an increase in the size of the cells composing it
-May be pathological but is often a change experienced by athletes
-Initially is a positive change that is an adaptive response to an increased cardiac workload that allows the heart to pump more blood

A

Cardiac hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High blood pressure in combination with left ventricle hypertrophy
-As the size of the heart increases, myocardium becomes tighter and less efficient
-Also occurs in combination with changes to the left atrium and the coronary arteries

A

Hypertensive heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inflammation of the endocardium
-May include heart valves and/ or cardiac septum
-Some causes and associated conditions: damage caused by blood clots, presense of bacteria, infection from implantation of artificial heart valves, intravenous drugs
-Infection may easily spread to the kidneys and cause inflammation of the renal blood vessels

A

Endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium or in the space between the layers of the pericardium
-Heart is unable to expand properly and blood pressure drops
-Commonly caused by infection and blunt force trauma
-Cardiac tamponade is a fatal decrease in blood pressure resulting from an excessive amount of fluid accumulation in the pericardial space

A

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammation of the heart muscle
-Can result in a decreased ability of the heart muscle to properly pump blood
-May be associated with a virus, drug reaction, or other inflammatory condition

A

Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inflammation of the heart
-Generally actually refers to myocarditis, pericarditis, or endocarditis

A

Carditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Failure of a heart valve to close tightly, thus allowing regurgitation of blood
-Congenital condition that causes the valves to form improperly

A

Valvular insufficiency (incompetence)

19
Q

Narrowing of the valvular orifice
-Acquired

A

Valvular stenosis (stricture)

20
Q

Misshapen valve due to excessive stretching
-Aquired

A

Valvular prolapse

21
Q

A mass of matter in the bloodstream

A

Embolus

22
Q

The sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris

A

Embolism

23
Q

A blood clot that is attached to a blood vessel or cavity of the heart

A

Thrombus

24
Q

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot

A

Thrombosis

25
Q

Permanent damage to the heart valve due to rheumatic fever
-Result of bacterial infection (Streptococcus pyogenes)
-Most commonly causes damage to the mitral valve
-Can lead to endocarditis or other infections of other layers of the heart
-Can lead to cardiac failure if severe enough
-Originates as strep throat or scarlet fever before progressing to rheumatic fever

A

Rheumatic heart disease

26
Q

Heart failure

A

Cardiac failure

27
Q

Heart failure that is sudden and often caused by injury, infection, a heart attack, or a blood clot

A

Acute heart failure

28
Q

Heart failure that is long term and is often associated with another disorder or disorders

A

Chronic heart failure

29
Q

Heart is unable to pump as much blood as the venous system is supplying

A

Congestive heart failure

30
Q

-Blood is congested in the ventricles and eventually throughout the venous system
-Not enough blood is entering the arterial system
-Causes edema in associated tissues
-May result in cardiac failure in the entire heart or cardiac failure on the left or right side of the heart
-R sided cardiac failure is usually due to an issue with L ventricle and leads to generalized edema
-L sided cardiac failure is usually caused by high blood pressure, bicuspid or aortic valve issues, coronary artery disease, or disorders of the myocardium and often results in pulmonary edema

A

Congestive heart failure

31
Q

Formation of necrosis caused by an obstruction
-Often due to a blood clot within the coronary artery
-Can lead to cardiac failure
-Usually when death occurs, it is acute
-If partial blockage occurs, chronic cardiac failure may ensue

A

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

32
Q

Disease of the heart muscle
-Reduces the ability of the heart to pump blood
-Primary is idiopathic
-Secondary has a known cause

A

Cardiomyopathy

33
Q

Inflammation of the arteries
-Idiopathic
-Sometimes associated with bacteria, fungi, viruses, and autoimmune conditions

A

Arteritis

34
Q

Inflammation of the veins
-Causes blood clots to form along the walls and valves of the veins
-Common in calf muscles

A

Phlebitis

35
Q

If phlebitis is in the legs and spreads throughout the pelvic region

A

Deep venous thrombosis

36
Q

Enlarged twisted veins
-Most common in the legs and feet
-Sometimes associated with pain

A

Varicose veins

37
Q

Varicose veins, but in the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

38
Q

Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
-Most common in large, medium sized arteries
-Some forms affect the arterioles only or the medial layer of the arteries only

A

Arteriosclerosis

39
Q

Form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls
-Fatty substances: cholesterol, cellular waste, calcium
-Common in elderly people
-Plaque can occlude arteries and fragment of becoming a floating embolus

A

Atherosclerosis

40
Q

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis
-Plaque can form and reduce blood flow and cause blood clot formation
-Thickening of the arterial wall causes spasms
-Loss of blood flow eventually will lead to death

A

Coronary artery disease (Ischemic heart disease)

41
Q

A localized dilation of a blood vessel
-Caused by damage to or weakness of a blood vessel
-Almost always form in an artery
-Pressure will likely eventually cause a rupture
-Most fatal occur in the abdominal aorta or cerebral arteries

A

Aneurysm

42
Q

Necrotic tissue due to a reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part that remains aseptic

A

Dry gangrene (Ischemic necrosis)

43
Q

Necrotic tissue resulting from inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria

A

Moist gangrene

Path II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions