Blood disorders Flashcards
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both
-Blood is unable to transport oxygen
Anemia
A decrease in RBC production
Primary anemia
Increase in RBC loss/ destruction
Secondary anemia
Bone marrow is unable to produce enough RBCs
Aplastic anemia
Premature lysis of RBCs
Hemolytic anemia
Body is unable to produce enough intrinsic factors
Pernicious anemia
Hereditary, chronic anemia in which a large number of crescent shaped RBCs are present
Sickle cell anemia
An increase in the number of red blood cells
-Idiopathic
-Chronic
-Blood can become very viscous
-Over production occurs in the bone marrow
-Treatment may involve radioactive phosphorus
Erythrocytosis (Polycythemia vera)
Increase in the number of WBCs in the blood
-Many different causes: other medical conditions or treatment, pregnancy, high stress levels
Leukocytosis
Abnormal reduction in the number of WBCs in the blood
-Many different causes
Leukopenia
A malignancy of the hematopoietic tissues characterized by a massive increase in the number of WBCs present in the body
-Hematopoietic disorder
-May be acute or chronic
-Classified by which type of WBC that it affects (immature vs mature)
-Often seen in combination with other disorders or medical treatment
Leukemia
Hereditary bleeding disorder marked by a deficiency of blood-clotting proteins
-Causes excessive and spontaneous bleeding
-Females transmit the diseases but usually only males exhibit symptoms
Hemophilia
An abnormal decrease in the number of platelets
-May be that not enough platelets are being produced or that too many are being removed/ destroyed
-Blood clotting is affected and can result in spontaneous bleeding
-Associated with Purpura and Petechiae
Thrombocytopenia
Condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
Purpura
Antemortem, pinpoint extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages
Petechiae
