Bones and joints

Question 1

How many bones are in the axial skeleton and what is it made up of?

Answer 1

80 bones composed of the head and the truck

Question 2

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton and what is it made up of

Answer 2

126 bones made up of the appendages and the pectoral and pelvic girdle

Question 3

How many bones are in the human body

Answer 3

206 in adults

Question 4

Congenital absence of one or more limbs

Answer 4

Amelia

Question 5

Failure of a tissue or an organ to form

Answer 5

Aplasia

Question 6

Abnormal development of tissue

Answer 6

Dysplasia

Question 7

Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body

Answer 7

Hypoplasia

Question 7

A defect or deformity

Answer 7

Malformation (anomaly)

Question 7

Congenital condition in which the proximal portion of the limbs are poorly developed or absent

Answer 7

Phocomelia

Question 8

A wasting; decrease in size of an organ or tissue

Answer 8

Atrophy

Question 9

The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury

Answer 9

Degeneration

Question 10

A condition due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance

Answer 10

Deficiency

Question 11

Loss of bone density
-Occurs throughout the skeleton
-bones are predisposed to fractures
not enough bone is being created to make up for what’s being reabsorbed
leading cause is a lack of estrogen (type I) but may also be due to old age (type II)
-Advanced form is often associated with a curvature of the spine

Answer 11

Osteoporosis

Question 12

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
-Caused by an infection, usually of pyogenic bacteria
-Can be localized or the result of a focal infection
-More common in children and twice as common in boys

Answer 12

Osteomyelitis

Question 13

Osteomyelitis that is the result of a focal infection

Answer 13

Hematogenous osteomyelitis

Question 14

Osteomyelitis that is the result of exposure during trauma or surgery

Answer 14

Inoculation osteomyelitis

Question 15

Abnormal softening of bones in adults
-Occurs because of issues with calcification
-Usually result of a deficiency in vitaminD
-May also be the result of other conditions (kidney failure) or some medications (meds to treat seizures

Answer 15

Osteomalacia

Question 16

A disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitaminD resulting in defective bone growth
-Results in bones being very soft

Answer 16

Rickets

Question 17

Condition caused by swelling, hardening, and stiffening of joints resulting in a lack of flexibility and disfigurement
-Also associated with fluid buildup deep in the tissues
-Several types including autoimmune ___ or rheumatoid ___ and osteo___, which involves cartilage deterioration
-May be associated with edema or poor distribution

Answer 17

Arthritis

Question 18

A type of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid
-results in severe pain, swelling, and redness
-Most commonly affects the big toe joint
-usually occurs after a period of remission
-can result in buildup of nitrogenous waste

Answer 18

Gout

Question 19

Inflammation of the bursae
-results in pain and usually due to overuse/stress of a joint
-recurrence is common

Answer 19

Bursitis

Question 20

Broken bones
-Simple do not protrude through the skin
-Compound protrudes through the skin
-Many classifications of both simple and compound

Answer 20

Fractures

Question 21

A lateral curvature of the spine
-sometimes associated with other disorders
usually occurs during a growth spurt and is usually mild
-more common in girls

Answer 21

Scoliosis

Question 22

Bone growth disorder resulting in a type of dwarfism
-genetic mutation or inherited gene
-usually associated with deformed joints and poor muscle tone
-may result in death due to abnormalities of the foramen magnum and vertebrae

Answer 22

Achondroplasia

Question 23

Congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or there is incomplete closure
-different types that range in severity
-treatment varies from case to case

Answer 23

Spina bifida

Question 24

Hyperplasia or excessive growth of bones
-causes chronic inflammation, thickening, and softening of bones
-cause is unknown
-occurs in the elderly
-can cause compressed spinal nerves, increased cardiac output, and death

Answer 24

Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)

Question 25

Bone cancer
-can metastasize
-cancerous bone being produced is weaker than normal bone
-most commonly occurs on the femur

Answer 25

Osteosarcoma