Respiratory

Question 1

The formation of cavities in an organ or tissue
-Frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis

Answer 1

Cavitation

Question 2

Blueish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen

Answer 2

Cyanosis

Question 3

Extreme dehydration, complete or almost complete loss of water

Answer 3

Desiccation

Question 4

Blood in the sputum

Answer 4

Hemoptysis

Question 5

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity

Answer 5

Hydrothorax

Question 6

Saliva and mucus that is coughed up

Answer 6

Sputum

Question 7

Inflammation of the nasal passage
-May be caused by chemicals or an infection
-Chronic ___ is usually related to an allergy

Answer 7

Rhinitis

Question 8

Inflammation of a sinus in a bone
-May be caused by chemicals or an infection
-May involve more than one sinus
-Can cause pressure in the face

Answer 8

Sinusitis

Question 9

Inflammation of the pharynx
-May be associated with other respiratory conditions

Answer 9

Pharyngitis

Question 10

Inflammation of the larynx (voice box)
-May be associated with other respiratory conditions

Answer 10

Laryngitis

Question 11

Inflammation of the trachea
-Usually attributed to a bacteria infection of the trachea
-Most dangerous for young children

Answer 11

Tracheitis

Question 12

Inflammation of the bronchi
-May be acute or chronic
-Often associated with productive cough

Answer 12

Bronchitis

Question 13

Inflammation of the lungs due to infection
-Usually attributed to an infection of the lungs
-There are different classifications

Answer 13

Pneumonia

Question 14

Inflammation of the pleura
-occurs due to an infection in the pleural space
-Exudate may develop in pleural space
-May also cause the pleura to adhere to diaphragm/ chest wall

Answer 14

Pleurisy

Question 15

From Pleurisy
1. Exudate containing pus
2. Exudate contains blood
3. Collection of pus in the body cavity, especially in the pleural space

Answer 15

1. Empyema
2. Hemorrhagic pleurisy
3. Empyema

Question 16

Respiratory infection caused by a virus
-Commonly caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses

Answer 16

Common cold (acute coryza)

Question 17

Condition in which the bronchi are hypersensitive to stimuli
-Mucous lining of the bronchi becomes irritated and bronchi swell shut
-Swelling causes a reduction in airflow
-More common in children
-Triggers include: allergens, respiratory tract infections, foods, emotional stress

Answer 17

Asthma (bronchial asthma)

Question 18

Contagious respiratory infection caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
-Spread via aerosol droplets
-Often multi-drug resistant
-Immune system tries to contain bacteria in the lungs by “fencing it off”
-Lesions (tubercles) eventually rupture and bacteria spreads
-Surrounding tissue becomes necrotic and forms caseation
-Eventually causes cavitation in the lungs
-May be associated with hemoptysis or blood in the sputum

Answer 18

Tuberculosis

Question 19

Infiltration of the lungs with various forms of dust
-Mineral dusts become trapped in the respiratory system and cause a localized accumulation of macrophages
-Trapped materials + immune response cause fibrous masses to form in the lungs
-Disease process is affected by the size of the particles
-Can spread to the lymphatic system
-Often associated with other respiratory disorders, heart failure, cancer, and death

Answer 19

Pneumoconiosis

Question 20

Inhalation of coal dust
-Black lung, anthracosis
-Coal is mostly carbon but dust contains minerals from surrounding rock (including crystalline silica)

Answer 20

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

Question 21

Inhalation of crystalline silica
-Sandblasting, mining, tunneling, drilling, ceramics, plastics, brick, chalk

Answer 21

Silicosis

Question 22

Inhalation of asbestos
-Very fine crystalline silica

Answer 22

Asbestosis

Question 23

Inhalation of beryllium
-Coal, oil, soil, volcanic ash, rocks

Answer 23

Berylliosis

Question 24

Complete or partial collapse of the lung
-Lung is unable to fully expand
-Inadequate oxygen and CO2 exchange
-Lungs are not able to properly oxygenate the blood

Answer 24

Atelectasis

Question 25

Occurs in the trachea or bronchi are blocked

Answer 25

Obstructive atelectasis

Question 26

Occurs when there is something trapped in the pleural space
-Parietal and visceral pleura cannot properly move past each other
1. Air trapped in the pleural space
2. Blood trapped in the pleural space

Answer 26

Nonobstructive atelectasis
1. Pneumothorax
2. Hemothorax

Question 27

Inflammatory disease of the respiratory system associated with air pockets forming at the terminal ends of the bronchioles
-Walls of the alveolar sacs become desiccated and tear
-Patient can inhale but can’t properly exhale
-Often a secondary condition

Answer 27

Emphysema

Question 28

Abscess in the lung caused by infection

Answer 28

Lung abscess

Question 29

Localized accumulation of pus
-Can be associated with inhalation of bacteria, gum disease, tumors, and pneumonia
-Presense of multiple lung abscesses are common in IV drug users but usually just one in present
-Abscess will eventually rupture

Answer 29

Abscess

Question 30

A separation of the two sides of the lip
-May include the bones of the upper jaw

Answer 30

Cleft lip

Question 31

Congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline
-Occurs when the two sides of the palate do not fuse together during development
-Results in a hole between the palatine bones

Answer 31

Cleft palate

Question 32

Genetic and terminal respiratory condition that creates a lack of chloride which results in a thick mucus throughout the body
-Average lifespan is about 20 years
-Defective cells are unable to release chloride because of a gene mutation
-Lack of chloride results in salt imbalance in cells
-Creates a thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs, leads to infection, and blocks the pancreas

Answer 32

Cystic fibrosis

Question 33

-Coccioidomycosis (Coccidiodes immitis)
-Histoplasmosis (Hhisoplasma capsulatum)
-Pneumocystis (Pneumocystis jirovecii)
-CO2 poisoning
-Hanging/ stagnulation
-Drowning