Urinary

Question 1

Micturition/urination

Answer 1

Process of eliminating urine

Question 2

How does urinary system stabilize blood pH

Answer 2

Controls loss of H+ and bicarbonate

Question 3

Which ribs are the kidneys found near

Answer 3

11th and 12th
“Barely protected”

Question 4

Function of renal lobule

Answer 4

Produce urine

Question 5

When is the waste in the urinary tract called urine

Answer 5

When it reaches renal pelvis
After it passes minor calyx

Question 6

Basic unit of a kidney

Answer 6

Nephron

Question 7

Function of nephron

Answer 7

Produce urine

Question 8

Cortical nephrons

Answer 8

Nephrons that have loop of henles mostly in the renal cortex

Question 9

What is a juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 9

Nepohrons that have loops that extend mostly into renal pyramids

Question 10

Where do nephrons start

Answer 10

Renal corpuscle

Question 11

Function of glomerulus

Answer 11

Filters fluid and solutes from blood into capsule

Question 12

Filtrate description

Answer 12

Protein and cell free solution

Question 13

Renal corpuscle is for production of filtrate true/false

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Proximal convoluted tubule function

Answer 14

For water & solute reabsorption

Question 15

What substances are secreted into filtrate by tubule system

Answer 15

Ions, acids, drugs, & toxins

Question 16

Where does tubule system release secretions into filtrate via hormones

Answer 16

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Most common nephrons in the kidneys

Answer 17

Cortical nephrons

Question 18

Podocytes

Answer 18

Cells in glomerulus capsule that act as filtration slits

Question 19

Filtration slits

Answer 19

Narrow gaps between adjacent pedocytes

Question 20

Juxtaglomerular complex

Answer 20

Structure containing macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

Question 21

Macula densa

Answer 21

Cells that line distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

Function of mesangual cells

Answer 22

Control diameter and rate of capillary blood flow,

Question 23

Which tube is important solutes reabsorbed from filtrate

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 24

Organc nitrogenous waste products

Answer 24

Urea, creatinine, and uric acid, ammonia

Question 25

What causes fatal dehydration from urinary system

Answer 25

Failure to concentrate filtrate in glomerular filtration

Question 26

Where does active secretion occur in nephron

Answer 26

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

Examples of substances that act as cotransporter

Answer 27

Glucose and sodium together

Question 28

Renal threshold

Answer 28

Plasma concentration a specific compound or ion begins to appear in urine

Question 29

Where do substances reabsorbed from filtrate go

Answer 29

Vasa recta or peritubular capillaries

Question 30

How is small proteins reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 30

Pinocytosis

Question 31

Relationship of capillary hydrostatic pressure and glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Answer 31

Capillary hydrostatic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure -like BCOP

Question 32

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 32

The amount of filtrate kidneys produce each minute

Question 33

What is creatinine clearance test

Answer 33

Examines how well the kidney is filtering the blood by estimating GFR

Question 34

How is glomerular filtration rate maintained

Answer 34

Autoregulation, hormonal, and autonomic regulation

Question 35

Countercurrent

Answer 35

One end is concentrating filtrate (medulla) another end is diluting it (cortex)

Question 36

Benefits of countercurrent multiplication

Answer 36

1. Efficiently reabsorbs solute and water 2. Establish concentration gradient

Question 37

Less ADH effect on water excretion

Answer 37

Increase loss of water

Question 38

More ADH effect on water excretion

Answer 38

Less water loss

Question 39

Diuresis

Answer 39

Elimination of urine

Question 40

Pyuria

Answer 40

Excretion of excess of WBC

Question 41

What action moves urine

Answer 41

Peristalsis

Question 42

Where does peristalsis begin in urinary system

Answer 42

Renal pelvis

Question 43

Capacity of bladder (average)

Answer 43

1L of urine

Question 44

What holds bladder in place

Answer 44

Ligaments

Question 45

Incontinence

Answer 45

Inability to control urination

Question 46

Location of EPO and renin production

Answer 46

Juxtaglomerular complex/apparatus

Question 47

How much filtrate is made in a day

Answer 47

180L or 48 gallons

Question 48

How much filtrate is reabsorbed

Answer 48

98%

Question 49

Filtrate components

Answer 49

Water, glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous waste.

Question 50

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 50

Rate at which you make filtrate

Question 51

Anuria

Answer 51

Condition of not making enough urine

Question 52

Average glomerular filtration rate

Answer 52

120-125mL per minute

Question 53

2 ways to control filtration?

Answer 53

Control vasomotor regulation, and or mesangial cells

Question 54

Symport

Answer 54

When 2 substances transport together through cells

Question 55

Antiport

Answer 55

When 2 substances transport opposite of each other through a cell

Question 56

Which tubes function in obligatory water reabsorption

Answer 56

PCT AND DCT

Question 57

Which tubule functions in facultative water reabsorption

Answer 57

Collecting duct

Question 58

What is the difference between facultative reabsorption and obligatory

Answer 58

Facultative is adjustable while obligatory is not

Question 59

Transport maxium

Answer 59

The concept related to renal threshold

Question 60

Countercurrent multiplier

Answer 60

The multiplying of the solute concentration of filtrate within the tubule

Question 61

How is countercurrent multiplier’s effect diluted

Answer 61

Active transport, removing solutes

Question 62

What is the osmolality of blood in glomerulus

Answer 62

300 mOsm

Question 63

Function of vasa recta

Answer 63

Maintain salty gradient in medulla

Question 64

What is the function of urea recycling? Like why do we do it

Answer 64

Last ditch effort to conserve water

Question 65

Diuretics

Answer 65

Chemical that enhances urinary output