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Anp Flash Cards > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Micturition/urination

A

Process of eliminating urine

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2
Q

How does urinary system stabilize blood pH

A

Controls loss of H+ and bicarbonate

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3
Q

Which ribs are the kidneys found near

A

11th and 12th
“Barely protected”

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4
Q

Function of renal lobule

A

Produce urine

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5
Q

When is the waste in the urinary tract called urine

A

When it reaches renal pelvis
After it passes minor calyx

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6
Q

Basic unit of a kidney

A

Nephron

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7
Q

Function of nephron

A

Produce urine

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8
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Nephrons that have loop of henles mostly in the renal cortex

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9
Q

What is a juxtamedullary nephron

A

Nepohrons that have loops that extend mostly into renal pyramids

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10
Q

Where do nephrons start

A

Renal corpuscle

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11
Q

Function of glomerulus

A

Filters fluid and solutes from blood into capsule

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12
Q

Filtrate description

A

Protein and cell free solution

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13
Q

Renal corpuscle is for production of filtrate true/false

A

True

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14
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule function

A

For water & solute reabsorption

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15
Q

What substances are secreted into filtrate by tubule system

A

Ions, acids, drugs, & toxins

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16
Q

Where does tubule system release secretions into filtrate via hormones

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

Most common nephrons in the kidneys

A

Cortical nephrons

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18
Q

Podocytes

A

Cells in glomerulus capsule that act as filtration slits

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19
Q

Filtration slits

A

Narrow gaps between adjacent pedocytes

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20
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex

A

Structure containing macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

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21
Q

Macula densa

A

Cells that line distal convoluted tubule

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22
Q

Function of mesangual cells

A

Control diameter and rate of capillary blood flow,

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23
Q

Which tube is important solutes reabsorbed from filtrate

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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24
Q

Organc nitrogenous waste products

A

Urea, creatinine, and uric acid, ammonia

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25
Q

What causes fatal dehydration from urinary system

A

Failure to concentrate filtrate in glomerular filtration

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26
Q

Where does active secretion occur in nephron

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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27
Q

Examples of substances that act as cotransporter

A

Glucose and sodium together

28
Q

Renal threshold

A

Plasma concentration a specific compound or ion begins to appear in urine

29
Q

Where do substances reabsorbed from filtrate go

A

Vasa recta or peritubular capillaries

30
Q

How is small proteins reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule

A

Pinocytosis

31
Q

Relationship of capillary hydrostatic pressure and glomerular hydrostatic pressure

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure
-like BCOP

32
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

The amount of filtrate kidneys produce each minute

33
Q

What is creatinine clearance test

A

Examines how well the kidney is filtering the blood by estimating GFR

34
Q

How is glomerular filtration rate maintained

A

Autoregulation, hormonal, and autonomic regulation

35
Q

Countercurrent

A

One end is concentrating filtrate (medulla) another end is diluting it (cortex)

36
Q

Benefits of countercurrent multiplication

A
  1. Efficiently reabsorbs solute and water
  2. Establish concentration gradient
37
Q

Less ADH effect on water excretion

A

Increase loss of water

38
Q

More ADH effect on water excretion

A

Less water loss

39
Q

Diuresis

A

Elimination of urine

40
Q

Pyuria

A

Excretion of excess of WBC

41
Q

What action moves urine

A

Peristalsis

42
Q

Where does peristalsis begin in urinary system

A

Renal pelvis

43
Q

Capacity of bladder (average)

A

1L of urine

44
Q

What holds bladder in place

45
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to control urination

46
Q

Location of EPO and renin production

A

Juxtaglomerular complex/apparatus

47
Q

How much filtrate is made in a day

A

180L or 48 gallons

48
Q

How much filtrate is reabsorbed

49
Q

Filtrate components

A

Water, glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous waste.

50
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

Rate at which you make filtrate

51
Q

Anuria

A

Condition of not making enough urine

52
Q

Average glomerular filtration rate

A

120-125mL per minute

53
Q

2 ways to control filtration?

A

Control vasomotor regulation, and or mesangial cells

54
Q

Symport

A

When 2 substances transport together through cells

55
Q

Antiport

A

When 2 substances transport opposite of each other through a cell

56
Q

Which tubes function in obligatory water reabsorption

A

PCT AND DCT

57
Q

Which tubule functions in facultative water reabsorption

A

Collecting duct

58
Q

What is the difference between facultative reabsorption and obligatory

A

Facultative is adjustable while obligatory is not

59
Q

Transport maxium

A

The concept related to renal threshold

60
Q

Countercurrent multiplier

A

The multiplying of the solute concentration of filtrate within the tubule

61
Q

How is countercurrent multiplier’s effect diluted

A

Active transport, removing solutes

62
Q

What is the osmolality of blood in glomerulus

63
Q

Function of vasa recta

A

Maintain salty gradient in medulla

64
Q

What is the function of urea recycling? Like why do we do it

A

Last ditch effort to conserve water

65
Q

Diuretics

A

Chemical that enhances urinary output

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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