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Anp Flash Cards > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

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2
Q

What is tunica interna

A

Inner lining; contains endothelial lining and connective tissue

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3
Q

What is tunica interna made of

A

Epithelial cells

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4
Q

Feature of Tunica media

A

Contains smooth muscles

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5
Q

Feature of tunica externa

A

Contains collagen fibers and elastic fibers

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6
Q

Which blood vessels have more elastic fiber and collagen fibers

A

Arterioles and arteries

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7
Q

Function of arterioles and arteries thick tunica externa

A

Allow for a higher pressure to move blood

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8
Q

Unique features of arteries different from veins

A

Thicker walls, higher blood pressure, lining folds, more elastic

collapsed arteries have small round lumen

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9
Q

Unique features of veins

A

Large flat lumen, lining contracts, have valves

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10
Q

Varicose veins

A

Pooling of blood caused by dysfunction in vein valves

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11
Q

What factors of blood flow do vasoconstriction and vasodilation affect?

A

Afterload of heart, peripheral blood pressure, capillary blood flow

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12
Q

What are elastic arteries

A

Arteries that have more elastic fibers and less muscle in tunica media

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13
Q

Examples of elastic arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk, and aorta

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14
Q

What are muscular arteries

A

Arteries that contain more muscles in tunica media

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15
Q

What changes arteries diameter

A

Sympathetic or endocrine stimulation

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16
Q

What vessel controls resistance of blood flow in arteries

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

Aneurysm

A

Bulge in arterial wall

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18
Q

What causes aneurysm

A

Weak spot in elastic fibers

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19
Q

Which blood vessel has the most cross sectional surface area

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

What can and can’t diffuse through continuous capillaries

A

small molecules can
excludes RBC & plasma proteins

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21
Q

What connects arterioles and venules

A

Capillary beds

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22
Q

Pre capillary sphincter function

A

Guides how much blood flows through capillaries

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23
Q

Anastomoses

A

Branching of blood vessels or nerves

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24
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Generation if new blood vessels

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25
Q

Vascular endothelial growth factor

A

Chemical that Produce blood vessels in given area

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26
Q

What stage of human development would have the most angiogenesis

A

Embryos

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27
Q

what makes Venous valve

A

Folds of tunica intima

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28
Q

Which veins have valves?

A

Medium and large veins

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29
Q

How much blood is in the veins at a single moment

A

66%

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30
Q

How much blood is in the capillaries at a single moment

A

5%

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31
Q

Capacitance

A

Ability to stretch

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32
Q

How do veins respond to blood loss

A

Vasomotor centers stimulate sympathetic nerves causing constriction

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33
Q

What is capillary blood flow equal to

A

Cardiac output

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34
Q

Venous pressure

A

Pressure in veins

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35
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure of liquid within capillary bed

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36
Q

Artery pressure

A

Blood pressure

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37
Q

What affects peripheral resistance

A

Vascular resistance, blood viscosity, and turbulence

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38
Q

Why do bigger people have a greater vascular resistance

A

Fat people have longer vessels so the diameter is smaller increasing resistance

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39
Q

What increases turbulence

A

Narrowing of blood vessels

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40
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

Resistance relating arteries

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41
Q

Which vessels have the largest diameter

A

Veins

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42
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure in arteries when ventricles are contracting

43
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing

44
Q

Hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure

45
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure

46
Q

Elastic rebound function in arterial walls

A

In arterial walls it is the stretch during systole and the rebound during diastole

47
Q

What does elastic rebound do in vessels

A

Allows blood to move during ventricle diastole

48
Q

How does materials transport between capillary walls

A

Diffusion, filtration, reabsorption

49
Q

Filtration

A

Leaving the capillaries

50
Q

Reabsorption

A

Coming back to blood

51
Q

What is filtration driven by

A

Hydrostatic pressure

52
Q

What causes reabsorption

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

53
Q

What exactly causes blood colloid osmotic pressure

A

Blood proteins that are too large to cross capillary walls (albumin)

54
Q

What does blood colloid osmotic pressure do

A

Equalize pressure to prevent osmosis

55
Q

What happens if albumin leak into cell space

A

Fluid in blood will follow at uncontrollable rates

56
Q

How much fluid gets reabsorbed into blood

A

85%

57
Q

Why is fluid reabsorbed into capillaries

A

To maintain Blood volume & blood pressure

58
Q

What vessels provides high capillary hydrostatic pressure which pushes fluids into cell space (filtration)

A

Arteries and arterioles

59
Q

What vessels cause reabsorption because of its higher blood colloid osmotic pressure

A

Venule and veins

60
Q

What causes capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

Heart blood pressure

61
Q

What forces water into capillaries

A

Osmotic pressure

62
Q

What is the net filtration pressure

A

The difference between net hydrostatic pressure & net osmotic pressure

63
Q

What does large capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) cause

A

Edema, and swelling

64
Q

What occurs if BCOP has problems

A

Edema

65
Q

What happens if BCOP increases

A

accelerated reabsorption causing dehydration

66
Q

Tissue perfusion

A

Blood flow through the tissues

67
Q

What does tissue perfusion do

A

Carries O2 & nutrients to tissues, & carries CO2 and waste away

68
Q

What affects tissue perfusion

A

Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, & blood pressure

69
Q

How are vessels regulated (esp. arterioles)

A

Neural, endocrine, & local (auto-regulation)

70
Q

Autoregulation

A

Opening and closing of precapillary sphincters caused by release of local vasodilator/constrictor chemicals

71
Q

What causes autoregulation

A

pH, gas concentrations

72
Q

Where are baroreceptors and chemoreceptors found?

A

Arch of aorta and carotid sinus

73
Q

What do baroreceptors do

A

Monitor pressure

74
Q

How does the body respond if blood pressure is too high

A

Cardiac output decreases, and peripheral vasodilation

75
Q

Response from the body if blood pressure falls

A

Cardiac output increases, and vasoconstriction

76
Q

What brain center is related to chemoreceptors

A

Medulla oblongata

77
Q

What causes chemoreceptor reflexes

A

Changes in pH, O2 & CO2 concentration

78
Q

What hormones regulates cardiovascular system

A

Cortisol, catecholamines,ADH,angiotensin 2, EPO, & ANP

79
Q

What is circulatory shock

A

When there is not enough blood to sustain the body

80
Q

Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)

A

Block or rupture in cerebral artery

81
Q

Heart attack

A

Blockage of coronary blood flow

82
Q

What results from heart attack

A

Angina, tissue damage, heart failure, death.

83
Q

What happens to pulmonary vessels if O2 levels are high

A

Vessels going to the lungs dilate

84
Q

What happens to blood vessels to the lungs if there is low O2 content

A

Vessels to the lungs constrict

85
Q

Cerebral arterial circle is also called?

A

Circle of willis

86
Q

Factors of aging in blood vessels

A

Hematocrit, increased chance of blood clot, pooling of blood in legs

87
Q

What does top number represent on blood pressure values (ex. 140/90)

A

How much effort the ventricles need to push blood

88
Q

What does diastolic value represent on blood pressure values

A

The bottom part and it tells us how much effort the arias need to push blood to ventricles

89
Q

Mean arterial pressure formula

A

(2(DP)+SP)/3

90
Q

What does mean arterial pressure represent

A

Pressure exerted when all chambers are closed.
Pressure in blood vessels

91
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in the anal veins

92
Q

Higher brain centers that affect cardiovascular system

A

Limbic system

93
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Heart is not generating enough force

94
Q

Vascular shock

A

Circulatory shock resulting from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

95
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Circulatory shock resulting from large scale blood loss

96
Q

What happens if too much filtration but not enough reabsorption

A

Pooling,swelling, edema

97
Q

What happens if there is too much reabsorption and not enough filtration

A

Dehydration

98
Q

Circle of willis arteries

A

Anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery.

99
Q

Arteries of celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

100
Q

What arteries supplies blood to upper right quadrant of intestine

A

Superior mesenteric artery

101
Q

What arteries supplies blood to lower left quadrant of intestine

A

Inferior mesenteric

102
Q

What vessels go to the brain

A

Vertebral artery, internal carotid artery

103
Q

Function of hepatoportal system

A

Kills germs, modify drugs, deals with toxins

104
Q

Aging affect on blood vessels

A

Varicose veins, atherosclerosis, increased blood pressure

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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