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Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

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2
Q

What is tunica interna

A

Inner lining; contains endothelial lining and connective tissue

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3
Q

What is tunica interna made of

A

Epithelial cells

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4
Q

Feature of Tunica media

A

Contains smooth muscles

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5
Q

Feature of tunica externa

A

Contains collagen fibers and elastic fibers

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6
Q

Which blood vessels have more elastic fiber and collagen fibers

A

Arterioles and arteries

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7
Q

Function of arterioles and arteries thick tunica externa

A

Allow for a higher pressure to move blood

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8
Q

Unique features of arteries different from veins

A

Thicker walls, higher blood pressure, lining folds, more elastic

collapsed arteries have small round lumen

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9
Q

Unique features of veins

A

Large flat lumen, lining contracts, have valves

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10
Q

Varicose veins

A

Pooling of blood caused by dysfunction in vein valves

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11
Q

What factors of blood flow do vasoconstriction and vasodilation affect?

A

Afterload of heart, peripheral blood pressure, capillary blood flow

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12
Q

What are elastic arteries

A

Arteries that have more elastic fibers and less muscle in tunica media

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13
Q

Examples of elastic arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk, and aorta

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14
Q

What are muscular arteries

A

Arteries that contain more muscles in tunica media

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15
Q

What changes arteries diameter

A

Sympathetic or endocrine stimulation

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16
Q

What vessel controls resistance of blood flow in arteries

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

Aneurysm

A

Bulge in arterial wall

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18
Q

What causes aneurysm

A

Weak spot in elastic fibers

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19
Q

Which blood vessel has the most cross sectional surface area

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

What can and can’t diffuse through continuous capillaries

A

small molecules can
excludes RBC & plasma proteins

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21
Q

What connects arterioles and venules

A

Capillary beds

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22
Q

Pre capillary sphincter function

A

Guides how much blood flows through capillaries

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23
Q

Anastomoses

A

Branching of blood vessels or nerves

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24
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Generation if new blood vessels

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25
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Chemical that Produce blood vessels in given area
26
What stage of human development would have the most angiogenesis
Embryos
27
what makes Venous valve
Folds of tunica intima
28
Which veins have valves?
Medium and large veins
29
How much blood is in the veins at a single moment
66%
30
How much blood is in the capillaries at a single moment
5%
31
Capacitance
Ability to stretch
32
How do veins respond to blood loss
Vasomotor centers stimulate sympathetic nerves causing constriction
33
What is capillary blood flow equal to
Cardiac output
34
Venous pressure
Pressure in veins
35
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Pressure of liquid within capillary bed
36
Artery pressure
Blood pressure
37
What affects peripheral resistance
Vascular resistance, blood viscosity, and turbulence
38
Why do bigger people have a greater vascular resistance
Fat people have longer vessels so the diameter is smaller increasing resistance
39
What increases turbulence
Narrowing of blood vessels
40
Peripheral resistance
Resistance relating arteries
41
Which vessels have the largest diameter
Veins
42
Systolic pressure
Pressure in arteries when ventricles are contracting
43
Diastolic pressure
Pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing
44
Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
45
Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure
46
Elastic rebound function in arterial walls
In arterial walls it is the stretch during systole and the rebound during diastole
47
What does elastic rebound do in vessels
Allows blood to move during ventricle diastole
48
How does materials transport between capillary walls
Diffusion, filtration, reabsorption
49
Filtration
Leaving the capillaries
50
Reabsorption
Coming back to blood
51
What is filtration driven by
Hydrostatic pressure
52
What causes reabsorption
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
53
What exactly causes blood colloid osmotic pressure
Blood proteins that are too large to cross capillary walls (albumin)
54
What does blood colloid osmotic pressure do
Equalize pressure to prevent osmosis
55
What happens if albumin leak into cell space
Fluid in blood will follow at uncontrollable rates
56
How much fluid gets reabsorbed into blood
85%
57
Why is fluid reabsorbed into capillaries
To maintain Blood volume & blood pressure
58
What vessels provides high capillary hydrostatic pressure which pushes fluids into cell space (filtration)
Arteries and arterioles
59
What vessels cause reabsorption because of its higher blood colloid osmotic pressure
Venule and veins
60
What causes capillary hydrostatic pressure
Heart blood pressure
61
What forces water into capillaries
Osmotic pressure
62
What is the net filtration pressure
The difference between net hydrostatic pressure & net osmotic pressure
63
What does large capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) cause
Edema, and swelling
64
What occurs if BCOP has problems
Edema
65
What happens if BCOP increases
accelerated reabsorption causing dehydration
66
Tissue perfusion
Blood flow through the tissues
67
What does tissue perfusion do
Carries O2 & nutrients to tissues, & carries CO2 and waste away
68
What affects tissue perfusion
Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, & blood pressure
69
How are vessels regulated (esp. arterioles)
Neural, endocrine, & local (auto-regulation)
70
Autoregulation
Opening and closing of precapillary sphincters caused by release of local vasodilator/constrictor chemicals
71
What causes autoregulation
pH, gas concentrations
72
Where are baroreceptors and chemoreceptors found?
Arch of aorta and carotid sinus
73
What do baroreceptors do
Monitor pressure
74
How does the body respond if blood pressure is too high
Cardiac output decreases, and peripheral vasodilation
75
Response from the body if blood pressure falls
Cardiac output increases, and vasoconstriction
76
What brain center is related to chemoreceptors
Medulla oblongata
77
What causes chemoreceptor reflexes
Changes in pH, O2 & CO2 concentration
78
What hormones regulates cardiovascular system
Cortisol, catecholamines,ADH,angiotensin 2, EPO, & ANP
79
What is circulatory shock
When there is not enough blood to sustain the body
80
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
Block or rupture in cerebral artery
81
Heart attack
Blockage of coronary blood flow
82
What results from heart attack
Angina, tissue damage, heart failure, death.
83
What happens to pulmonary vessels if O2 levels are high
Vessels going to the lungs dilate
84
What happens to blood vessels to the lungs if there is low O2 content
Vessels to the lungs constrict
85
Cerebral arterial circle is also called?
Circle of willis
86
Factors of aging in blood vessels
Hematocrit, increased chance of blood clot, pooling of blood in legs
87
What does top number represent on blood pressure values (ex. 140/90)
How much effort the ventricles need to push blood
88
What does diastolic value represent on blood pressure values
The bottom part and it tells us how much effort the arias need to push blood to ventricles
89
Mean arterial pressure formula
(2(DP)+SP)/3
90
What does mean arterial pressure represent
Pressure exerted when all chambers are closed. Pressure in blood vessels
91
Hemorrhoids
Varicose veins in the anal veins
92
Higher brain centers that affect cardiovascular system
Limbic system
93
Cardiogenic shock
Heart is not generating enough force
94
Vascular shock
Circulatory shock resulting from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
95
Hypovolemic shock
Circulatory shock resulting from large scale blood loss
96
What happens if too much filtration but not enough reabsorption
Pooling,swelling, edema
97
What happens if there is too much reabsorption and not enough filtration
Dehydration
98
Circle of willis arteries
Anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery.
99
Arteries of celiac trunk
Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
100
What arteries supplies blood to upper right quadrant of intestine
Superior mesenteric artery
101
What arteries supplies blood to lower left quadrant of intestine
Inferior mesenteric
102
What vessels go to the brain
Vertebral artery, internal carotid artery
103
Function of hepatoportal system
Kills germs, modify drugs, deals with toxins
104
Aging affect on blood vessels
Varicose veins, atherosclerosis, increased blood pressure

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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