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Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Take blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart

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3
Q

Why are capillaries around the same diameter as red blood cells

A

To allow red blood cells to move in a single file slowly for efficient gas exhange

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4
Q

Pericarditis

A

Swelling of the fluid

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5
Q

What does the auricle do

A

Expand the volume of atrias

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6
Q

What do Sulci do on the heart

A

Where blood vessels on the heart lie

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7
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery go to

A

Left arm

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8
Q

What did the ligamentum arteriosum do?

A

Before birth it was a vessel that allowed pulmonary arteries and aorta mix blood

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9
Q

Function of pulmonary arteries

A

Takes deoxygenated blood from right ventricles to the lungs

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10
Q

Function of the aorta

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and flows it to the entire body

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11
Q

What 3 veins puts deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava.

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12
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery go to

A

Neck and head

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13
Q

Function of pulmonary veins

A

Deliver oxygenated blood to the heart

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14
Q

What is a pressure gradient

A

When there is a higher pressure in one area it will tend to go to a lower pressure which opens valves

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15
Q

What do papillary muscles do in relation to high pressure in the atria

A

Relax

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16
Q

What events occur in the left ventricle during contraction

A

Left AV valves: close
Papillary muscles: contract
Chordae tendinae tenses
Aortic valve: open

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17
Q

Where do coronary arteries originate

A

Aortic valve

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18
Q

Which chambers are the first to contract

A

Atria

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19
Q

What does the conducting system of the heart do

A

Controls and coordinate heartbeat

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20
Q

What does the contractile system of the heart do

A

Produce contractions that propels blood

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21
Q

Why is the SA node important

A

It sets the pace for contraction and initiates the cardiac cycle

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22
Q

What is an EKG (electrocardiogram)

A

Records electrical events in the cardiac cycle

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23
Q

Automaticity definition

A

Can contract on its own rhythm built in.

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24
Q

Where is the pacemaker cells located?

A

Sinoatrial node

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25
What does the AV bundles and bundle of his do
Conducts impulses throughout the ventricles but do not stimulate it
26
What part of the nervous system slows down the heart
Parasympathetic
27
What part of the nervous system increase heart rate
Sympathetic
28
In what motion does the heart contract? And why?
Twisting motion due to the muscular orientation
29
What was the foramen ovale prior to birth
Fossa ovalis, used to be an opening in the interatrial septum
30
Function of trabecular carnae
Helps turn and turbinate blood and aids in coordination of heart muscle cell contractions
31
What is happening when a chamber is relaxing (diastole)
The chamber is getting filled with blood
32
When a chamber is contracting (systole) what is happening?
Blood is being emptied out of the chamber
33
If the Atrias are contracting what is happening in the ventricles
They are diastole
34
Tachycardia
Abnormally fast heart rate
35
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate
36
What does a flat line mean on a EKG
A chamber is relaxing
37
What does the flat line between T waves and p waves on an ekg represent
All chambers relaxed and all valves closed
38
Premature atrial contraction
P waves occurs too soon in cardiac rhythm
39
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
No pause between T waves and P waves
40
Atrial fibrilation
Atrias are barely contracting
41
Premature ventricular contraction
Extra heartbeats that begin in one hearts ventricles
42
Ventricular fibrilation
Ventricles are barely contracting
43
Ventricular tachycardia
When the ventricles beat too fast
44
What allows the heart to receive electrical signals
Ion channels
45
What causes depolarization of the heart
Sodium going in
46
What causes a plateau which determines the strength of contraction in the heart
Calcium
47
What ion repolarizes the heart
Potassium
48
What occurs during the plateau phase of heart contraction
Calcium enters the heart which stimulates the release of calcium in the SR
49
Where does the heart store oxygen
Myoglobin
50
Where does the heart get its oxygen
Myoglobin, circulating blood, and mitochondrial breakdown of fatty acids
51
What is another word for contraction in the heart
Systole
52
What is another word for relaxation
Diastole
53
What happens during isovolumetric relaxation
All heart valves are closed and all chambers are relaxing
54
What happens during Isovolumetric contraction
All valves are closed and all chambers relaxed, but the heart begins to build pressure
55
What happens to blood pressure during systole
The blood pressures of the chambers rise
56
What happens to blood pressure during diastole
The blood pressure falls
57
What happens to the cardiac cycle when heart rate increases
Cardiac cycle shortens, mainly the diastole
58
Cardiac output
Volume pumped by left ventricle per minute CO=HR*SV
59
What can adjust heart rate
Hormones and the autonomic nervous system
60
What monitors blood pressure
Baroreceptors
61
What monitors gas levels in the arteries
Chemoreceptors
62
Location of chemoreceptors
Carotid artery and arch of aorta
63
Venous return
The amount of blood coming back should be around the same as the amount of blood going out
64
Preload definition
Ventricular stretching during diastole
65
Contractility definition
Force produced by contraction (ion channels-calcium)
66
Afterload definition
Tension the ventricles produce to open the semilunar valves
67
Affect of excercise on the heart
Increase of EDV, myocardium stretches more, stroke volume increases
68
Frank-starling principle
As EDV increases, SV increases
69
What decreases when Afterload increases
Stroke volume
70
Angina pectoris
When the heart is in pain during excess physical stress
71
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) definition
Prolonged coronary blockage, causes permanent damage to heart tissue that is replaced by scar tissue
72
What is used to treat myocardial infarction
Tissue plasminogen activator
73
How fast the heart is beating is based on what ion interaction?
Sodium (depolarization) Potassium (repolarization)
74
Role of AV node
Slow down impulse to allow atria to fill ventricle
75
Arrythmia
Uncoordinated heart rhythm
76
Heart block
Ventricles do not work correctly due to AV node not working
77
What is the strategy of respiratory pump
When the diaphragm goes down it pushes blood up
78
What is the strategy of skeletal muscle pump
Muscle contraction squeezes blood towards the heart
79
What is the strategy of using one way valves in veins
Every time blood goes towards the heart the valves close
80
what is the strategy of the Push from the left ventricle
Ventricle pushes blood that is in the aorta pushing blood further through the body
81
What is the strategy of pull from the atrium
The right atrium pulls blood towards the heart
82
What causes heart murmurs
Disorders with heart valves

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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