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Anp Flash Cards > Endocrine Chart > Flashcards

Endocrine Chart Flashcards

1
Q

Which APH is released by corticotropin releasing hormone CRH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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2
Q

Target 1 and hormone of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

A

Adrenal cortex (zone fasculata)
Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol

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3
Q

Target 2 of Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Adipose, all cells, liver, immune system

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4
Q

Action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone overall

A

Overall: more fuel

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5
Q

High levels of Adrenocorticotropic hormone causes?

A

Cushing syndrome

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6
Q

Low levels of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

A

Addison disease-bronzed, reddish skin

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7
Q

What APH (anterior pituitary hormone) is released by growth hormone releasing hormone

A

Growth hormone aka somatropin

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8
Q

Target 1 and hormone of growth hormone

A

Liver- release insulin-Like growth factors (lGFs)

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9
Q

Target 2 of growth hormone

A

All body tissues

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10
Q

Action of growth hormone

A

Overall more fuel for growth

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11
Q

High levels of growth hormone causes?

A

Pituitary gigantism (children), acromegaly (adults)

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12
Q

Low levels of growth hormone causes

A

Pituitary dwarfism

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13
Q

What APH is released by thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

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14
Q

Target 1 and hormone of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Thyroid
Thyroid hormone (t3 and t4) -follicular cells

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15
Q

Target of thyroid hormone

A

All cells

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16
Q

Action of thyroid hormone on all cells

A

All cells: increased metabolic rate, protein synthesis, glucose uptake

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17
Q

Action of thyroid hormone on the liver

A

Glycogen breakdown, glucose synthesis from noncarbs, glucose release.

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18
Q

Action of thyroid stimulating hormone on adipose cells

A

Increased Triglyceride breakdown

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19
Q

Action of thyroid stimulating hormone on the heart

A

Increased heart rate, and contractile force

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20
Q

High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone causes?

A

Graves disease

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21
Q

Low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone causes?

A

Hypothyroidism (cretinism (children), myxedema (adults))
Golter

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22
Q

What hormone releases prolactin

A

Prolactin releasing hormone

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23
Q

Target of prolactin

A

Breast

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24
Q

Action of prolactin

A

Mammary duct secretion and gland development

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25
Q

Which hormones are released by gonadotropin-releasing hormones

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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26
Q

Target 1 and hormone of follicle stimulating hormone for males

A

Testes (sertoli cells)
Hormone: inhibin, androgen-binding protein

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27
Q

Target of inhibin and androgen binding protein for males

A

Testes kidneys and hypothalamus

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28
Q

Action of follicle stimulating hormone for males

A

Testes: with androgen binding protein, testosterone stimulates sperm production

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29
Q

Target 1 and hormone of follicle stimulating hormone for females

A

Ovary
Hormone: Estrogen

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30
Q

Target 2 of follicle stimulating hormone for females

A

Uterus, hypothalamus, breast, kidney, all cells

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31
Q

Action of follicle stimulating hormone for females on uterus

A

Builds endometrial lining

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32
Q

Action of follicle stimulating hormone for females on all cells

A

Increases protein production (egg development)

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33
Q

Action of estrogen for females on hypothalamus

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Inhibit GnRH/FSH (moderate estrogen)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
stimulate GnRH/FSH (high estrogen)

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34
Q

Action of follicle stimulating hormone for females on breast and kidneys

A

Develop mammary glands, kidney: retains Na+/H2O

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35
Q

Target 1 and hormone luteinizing hormone for females

A

Ovary (corpus luteum)
Hormone: progesterone

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36
Q

Target 2 of progesterone for females

A

Uterus, mammary glands, kidney.

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37
Q

Action of progesterone for females

A

Uterus: build/maintain endometrial lining
Progesterone (ovulation)

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38
Q

Target 1 and hormone for luteinizing hormone for males

A

Testes (interstitial cells)
Hormone: testosterone

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39
Q

Target testosterone for males

A

All cells with testosterone receptors and bones

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40
Q

Action of luteinizing hormone for males

A

All cells: increase protein anabolism, increase sex drive, secondary sex characteristics.
Bone: stimulate bone formation

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41
Q

Action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH on liver and immune system

A

Liver: glucose synthesis from non carbs/ glucose release
Immune system: anti-inflammatory

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42
Q

Action of cortisol on all cells and fat cells

A

All cells: increased protein breakdown
Adipose: increased triglyceride breakdown

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43
Q

Action of growth hormone on all body tissue and adipose

A

All body tissues: growth
Adipose: triglyceride breakdown

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44
Q

Action of growth hormone on liver

A

Glycogen breakdown, glucose synthesis from non carbs, glucose release.

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45
Q

What produces the antidiuretic hormone

A

Hypothalamus supraoptic nucleus

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46
Q

What stores the antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

Posterior pituitary

47
Q

Where does the antidiuretic hormone ADH go to

A

Kidney, hypothalamus thirst center, blood vessels

48
Q

What is the action of antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

Kidney: decrease urine output
Hypothalamus: stimulate thirst, constrict blood vessels

49
Q

What happens when there is no release of ADH?

A

Diabetes insipidus could occur

50
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

Hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus

51
Q

Where is oxytocin stored?

A

Posterior pituitary

52
Q

Where does the oxytocin hormone go?

A

Uterus, mammary gland, brain

53
Q

What is the action of oxytocin

A

Uterus: stimulate contraction during delivery,
mammary gland: stimulate to let milk down
Brain: increase emotional bonding

54
Q

Where does the insulin hormone come from?

A

Pancreas beta cells (islets of langerhans)

55
Q

Where does insulin go

A

Liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle

56
Q

Action of insulin for the kidney

A

Increased glycogen storage

57
Q

Action of insulin for the adipose tissue

A

Increase triglycerides storage

58
Q

Action of insulin for the skeletal muscle

A

Increased glycogen storage, and calcium uptake

59
Q

Action of insulin for all cells

A

Increased protein synthesis, an glucose uptake

60
Q

What does insulin do overall

A

Lower blood glucose levels (Diabetes 1 and 2 are related to this hormone)

61
Q

Where does glucagon come from

A

pancreas alpha cells

62
Q

Where does glucagon go to

A

Liver, adipose, and skeletal

63
Q

What does glucagon do to the liver

A

Decreases glycogen storage, increases glucose synthesis from noncarbs

64
Q

What does glucagon do to adipose

A

Decreased triglyceride storage

65
Q

What are the actions of glucagon on skeletal muscles

A

Decreased glycogen storage

66
Q

What does glucagon do to the body overall

A

Increase blood glucose level

67
Q

Where does PTH come from?

A

Parathyroid chief cells

68
Q

Where does PTH go to?

A

Bone, kidney

69
Q

Action of erythropoietin on the kidney

A

Increased Ca2+ excretion increases erythrocyte production

70
Q

Action of PTH on the bone

A

Increased osteoclast activity,

71
Q

Action of PTH on the kidney

A

Decreased Ca2+ excretion and increased PO43- excretion, activate calcitriol

72
Q

Overall effect of PTH

A

Increases blood Ca2+

73
Q

Where does calcitonin come from?

A

Thyroid parafollicular cells

74
Q

Where does calcitonin go to?

A

Bone and kidney

75
Q

Action of calcitonin on bones

A

Decreases osteoclast activity, and increases Ca2+ deposited in bone

76
Q

Action of calcitonin on kidney

A

Increases Ca2+ excretion

77
Q

What does calcitonin do overall

A

Decreases blood Ca2+

78
Q

Where does erythropoietin come from

A

Kidney (primarily), liver

79
Q

Where does EPO go to?

A

Red bone marrow

80
Q

What does EPO do

A

Increases erythrocyte production

81
Q

What does EPO do overall

A

Increases oxygen amount in blood via increasing red blood cell production

82
Q

Where does catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) come from?

A

Adrenal medulla

83
Q

Where does catecholamines go to

A

Sympathetic nervous system

84
Q

What do catecholamines do?

A

Increases fight or flight effects: pupil dilation, bronchial dilation, increased HR, inhibit digestion/ urination

85
Q

Where does angiotensin 2 come from

A

Liver (after a process that included the lungs and the kidneys)

86
Q

Where does angiotensin 2 go?

A

Blood vessels,, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex, kidney

87
Q

Action of angiotensin 2?

A

Blood vessels: constrict
Kidney: decrease urine
Hypothalamus: stimulate thirst, release ADH
adrenal cortex: release aldosterone

88
Q

Where does aldosterone come from?

A

Adrenal cortex- zonal globumerulosa

89
Q

Where does aldosterone go?

90
Q

Action of Aldosterone?

A

Decrease Na+/H2O excretion, increases K+ excretion

91
Q

Overall function of aldosterone

A

Maintains Na2+/K+ blood levels, maintain BP and volume

92
Q

Where does Atrial natriuretic peptide come from

A

Atrial chambers of the heart

93
Q

Where does ANP go to

A

Kidney, blood vessels, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex

94
Q

Action of ANP on kidney

A

Increases sodium/ water excretion, inhibit renin release

95
Q

Action of ANP on blood vessels

96
Q

Action of ANP on hypothalamus

A

Inhibit ADH release from posterior pituitary

97
Q

Action of ANP on adrenal cortex

A

Inhibit aldosterone

98
Q

Where does gastrin come from

A

Stomach-Enteroendocrine G cells

99
Q

Where does gastrin go to?

A

Stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, pyloric sphincter.

100
Q

What does gastrin do for the intestines

A

Small intestines: contraction
Large intestines: mass movement

101
Q

What does gastrin do for the stomach

A

Increased secretions and motility

102
Q

What does gastrin do for the gallbladder

A

Release bile

103
Q

What does gastrin do for the pancreas

A

Secrete pancreatic juices

104
Q

What does gastrin do for the sphincters

A

Relaxes iliocecal valve and pyloric sphincters

105
Q

What does gastrin do overall

106
Q

Where does secretin come from

A

Duodenal enteroendocrine cells

107
Q

Where does secretin go to

A

Stomach, liver, pancreas

108
Q

What is the action of secretin

A

Stomach: decreased secretions and motility
Liver/pancreas: increased bicarbonate in bile/ pancreatic juice

109
Q

What is the overall action of secretin

A

Buffer acidic chyme

110
Q

Where does Cholecystokinin come from

A

Duodenal enteroendocrine cells

111
Q

Where does the cholecystokinin go

A

Stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

112
Q

What is the action of CCK on the pancreas and liver

A

Secretion of pancreatic juices and bile

113
Q

What is the action of CCK on the stomach

A

Decreased secretions and motility

114
Q

What is the action of CCK on the gallbladder and sphincter

A

Contraction to release bile, hepato-pancreatic sphincter relaxes

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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