Endocrine Chart Flashcards
1
Q
Which APH is released by corticotropin releasing hormone CRH
A
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
2
Q
Target 1 and hormone of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
A
Adrenal cortex (zone fasculata)
Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol
3
Q
Target 2 of Adrenocorticotropic hormone
A
Adipose, all cells, liver, immune system
4
Q
Action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone overall
A
Overall: more fuel
5
Q
High levels of Adrenocorticotropic hormone causes?
A
Cushing syndrome
6
Q
Low levels of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
A
Addison disease-bronzed, reddish skin
7
Q
What APH (anterior pituitary hormone) is released by growth hormone releasing hormone
A
Growth hormone aka somatropin
8
Q
Target 1 and hormone of growth hormone
A
Liver- release insulin-Like growth factors (lGFs)
9
Q
Target 2 of growth hormone
A
All body tissues
10
Q
Action of growth hormone
A
Overall more fuel for growth
11
Q
High levels of growth hormone causes?
A
Pituitary gigantism (children), acromegaly (adults)
12
Q
Low levels of growth hormone causes
A
Pituitary dwarfism
13
Q
What APH is released by thyrotropin-releasing hormone
A
Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
14
Q
Target 1 and hormone of thyroid stimulating hormone?
A
Thyroid
Thyroid hormone (t3 and t4) -follicular cells
15
Q
Target of thyroid hormone
A
All cells
16
Q
Action of thyroid hormone on all cells
A
All cells: increased metabolic rate, protein synthesis, glucose uptake
17
Q
Action of thyroid hormone on the liver
A
Glycogen breakdown, glucose synthesis from noncarbs, glucose release.
18
Q
Action of thyroid stimulating hormone on adipose cells
A
Increased Triglyceride breakdown
19
Q
Action of thyroid stimulating hormone on the heart
A
Increased heart rate, and contractile force
20
Q
High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone causes?
A
Graves disease
21
Q
Low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone causes?
A
Hypothyroidism (cretinism (children), myxedema (adults))
Golter
22
Q
What hormone releases prolactin
A
Prolactin releasing hormone
23
Q
Target of prolactin
A
Breast
24
Q
Action of prolactin
A
Mammary duct secretion and gland development
25
Which hormones are released by gonadotropin-releasing hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
26
Target 1 and hormone of follicle stimulating hormone for males
Testes (sertoli cells)
Hormone: inhibin, androgen-binding protein
27
Target of inhibin and androgen binding protein for males
Testes kidneys and hypothalamus
28
Action of follicle stimulating hormone for males
Testes: with androgen binding protein, testosterone stimulates sperm production
29
Target 1 and hormone of follicle stimulating hormone for females
Ovary
Hormone: Estrogen
30
Target 2 of follicle stimulating hormone for females
Uterus, hypothalamus, breast, kidney, all cells
31
Action of follicle stimulating hormone for females on uterus
Builds endometrial lining
32
Action of follicle stimulating hormone for females on all cells
Increases protein production (egg development)
33
Action of estrogen for females on hypothalamus
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Inhibit GnRH/FSH (moderate estrogen)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
stimulate GnRH/FSH (high estrogen)
34
Action of follicle stimulating hormone for females on breast and kidneys
Develop mammary glands, kidney: retains Na+/H2O
35
Target 1 and hormone luteinizing hormone for females
Ovary (corpus luteum)
Hormone: progesterone
36
Target 2 of progesterone for females
Uterus, mammary glands, kidney.
37
Action of progesterone for females
Uterus: build/maintain endometrial lining
Progesterone (ovulation)
38
Target 1 and hormone for luteinizing hormone for males
Testes (interstitial cells)
Hormone: testosterone
39
Target testosterone for males
All cells with testosterone receptors and bones
40
Action of luteinizing hormone for males
All cells: increase protein anabolism, increase sex drive, secondary sex characteristics.
Bone: stimulate bone formation
41
Action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH on liver and immune system
Liver: glucose synthesis from non carbs/ glucose release
Immune system: anti-inflammatory
42
Action of cortisol on all cells and fat cells
All cells: increased protein breakdown
Adipose: increased triglyceride breakdown
43
Action of growth hormone on all body tissue and adipose
All body tissues: growth
Adipose: triglyceride breakdown
44
Action of growth hormone on liver
Glycogen breakdown, glucose synthesis from non carbs, glucose release.
45
What produces the antidiuretic hormone
Hypothalamus supraoptic nucleus
46
What stores the antidiuretic hormone ADH
Posterior pituitary
47
Where does the antidiuretic hormone ADH go to
Kidney, hypothalamus thirst center, blood vessels
48
What is the action of antidiuretic hormone ADH
Kidney: decrease urine output
Hypothalamus: stimulate thirst, constrict blood vessels
49
What happens when there is no release of ADH?
Diabetes insipidus could occur
50
Where is oxytocin produced?
Hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus
51
Where is oxytocin stored?
Posterior pituitary
52
Where does the oxytocin hormone go?
Uterus, mammary gland, brain
53
What is the action of oxytocin
Uterus: stimulate contraction during delivery,
mammary gland: stimulate to let milk down
Brain: increase emotional bonding
54
Where does the insulin hormone come from?
Pancreas beta cells (islets of langerhans)
55
Where does insulin go
Liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle
56
Action of insulin for the kidney
Increased glycogen storage
57
Action of insulin for the adipose tissue
Increase triglycerides storage
58
Action of insulin for the skeletal muscle
Increased glycogen storage, and calcium uptake
59
Action of insulin for all cells
Increased protein synthesis, an glucose uptake
60
What does insulin do overall
Lower blood glucose levels (Diabetes 1 and 2 are related to this hormone)
61
Where does glucagon come from
pancreas alpha cells
62
Where does glucagon go to
Liver, adipose, and skeletal
63
What does glucagon do to the liver
Decreases glycogen storage, increases glucose synthesis from noncarbs
64
What does glucagon do to adipose
Decreased triglyceride storage
65
What are the actions of glucagon on skeletal muscles
Decreased glycogen storage
66
What does glucagon do to the body overall
Increase blood glucose level
67
Where does PTH come from?
Parathyroid chief cells
68
Where does PTH go to?
Bone, kidney
69
Action of erythropoietin on the kidney
Increased Ca2+ excretion increases erythrocyte production
70
Action of PTH on the bone
Increased osteoclast activity,
71
Action of PTH on the kidney
Decreased Ca2+ excretion and increased PO43- excretion, activate calcitriol
72
Overall effect of PTH
Increases blood Ca2+
73
Where does calcitonin come from?
Thyroid parafollicular cells
74
Where does calcitonin go to?
Bone and kidney
75
Action of calcitonin on bones
Decreases osteoclast activity, and increases Ca2+ deposited in bone
76
Action of calcitonin on kidney
Increases Ca2+ excretion
77
What does calcitonin do overall
Decreases blood Ca2+
78
Where does erythropoietin come from
Kidney (primarily), liver
79
Where does EPO go to?
Red bone marrow
80
What does EPO do
Increases erythrocyte production
81
What does EPO do overall
Increases oxygen amount in blood via increasing red blood cell production
82
Where does catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) come from?
Adrenal medulla
83
Where does catecholamines go to
Sympathetic nervous system
84
What do catecholamines do?
Increases fight or flight effects: pupil dilation, bronchial dilation, increased HR, inhibit digestion/ urination
85
Where does angiotensin 2 come from
Liver (after a process that included the lungs and the kidneys)
86
Where does angiotensin 2 go?
Blood vessels,, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex, kidney
87
Action of angiotensin 2?
Blood vessels: constrict
Kidney: decrease urine
Hypothalamus: stimulate thirst, release ADH
adrenal cortex: release aldosterone
88
Where does aldosterone come from?
Adrenal cortex- zonal globumerulosa
89
Where does aldosterone go?
Kidney
90
Action of Aldosterone?
Decrease Na+/H2O excretion, increases K+ excretion
91
Overall function of aldosterone
Maintains Na2+/K+ blood levels, maintain BP and volume
92
Where does Atrial natriuretic peptide come from
Atrial chambers of the heart
93
Where does ANP go to
Kidney, blood vessels, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex
94
Action of ANP on kidney
Increases sodium/ water excretion, inhibit renin release
95
Action of ANP on blood vessels
Dilation
96
Action of ANP on hypothalamus
Inhibit ADH release from posterior pituitary
97
Action of ANP on adrenal cortex
Inhibit aldosterone
98
Where does gastrin come from
Stomach-Enteroendocrine G cells
99
Where does gastrin go to?
Stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, pyloric sphincter.
100
What does gastrin do for the intestines
Small intestines: contraction
Large intestines: mass movement
101
What does gastrin do for the stomach
Increased secretions and motility
102
What does gastrin do for the gallbladder
Release bile
103
What does gastrin do for the pancreas
Secrete pancreatic juices
104
What does gastrin do for the sphincters
Relaxes iliocecal valve and pyloric sphincters
105
What does gastrin do overall
Digest
106
Where does secretin come from
Duodenal enteroendocrine cells
107
Where does secretin go to
Stomach, liver, pancreas
108
What is the action of secretin
Stomach: decreased secretions and motility
Liver/pancreas: increased bicarbonate in bile/ pancreatic juice
109
What is the overall action of secretin
Buffer acidic chyme
110
Where does Cholecystokinin come from
Duodenal enteroendocrine cells
111
Where does the cholecystokinin go
Stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
112
What is the action of CCK on the pancreas and liver
Secretion of pancreatic juices and bile
113
What is the action of CCK on the stomach
Decreased secretions and motility
114
What is the action of CCK on the gallbladder and sphincter
Contraction to release bile, hepato-pancreatic sphincter relaxes
